A.I. Designs New Tools for DNA Editing

The realm of CRISPR gene editing is experiencing a technological revolution with the introduction of generative A.I. Profluent, a startup based in Berkeley, California, has unveiled an A.I. system that crafts blueprints for novel gene editing tools. This innovation, which employs methods similar to those driving the popular A.I. chatbot ChatGPT, can enhance the precision and speed of combating illnesses and diseases. Profluent's A.I. analyzes vast amounts of biological data to create gene editors that could surpass those formed through natural evolution. Their recent creation, OpenCRISPR-1, has already been used to edit human DNA and is now freely available for further experimentation. This breakthrough could herald a new era of medical treatments, tailor-made at unprecedented speeds. Generative A.I. Arrives in the Gene Editing World of CRISPR - The New York Times (gift article).

Skin-Gut Axis

Researchers at the University of California San Diego have discovered that skin injuries can significantly affect gut health in mice. This study reveals a skin-gut axis, showing that damage to the skin disrupts the intestinal defenses and alters the gut microbiome. The findings challenge the traditional belief that gut microbes primarily influence skin health, instead highlighting a bidirectional relationship. The experiments demonstrated that skin wounds and artificial increases in skin-specific enzyme levels led to more severe colitis, a gut disorder, by altering the microbial balance. This research, published in Nature Communications, suggests a new perspective on the interplay between skin injuries and gut health, with implications for understanding human diseases. A Skin-Deep Wound Can Trigger Gut Bacteria Changes: ScienceAlert (thanks, Amy).

Fever Dreams

Fever dreams, typically vivid, intense, and disturbing, are often a part of the ill experience when body temperature rises due to sickness. These dreams are characterized by bizarre, repetitive, and negative imagery, influenced by altered brain neurochemistry and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep disturbances. Research indicates these dreams often feature surreal scenarios and threatening elements, such as oversized creatures or menacing figures. Experts suggest fever-induced alterations in body and brain function could trigger these dreams, which also hold psychological significance, potentially representing inner fears or conflicts. While generally harmless, persistent fever dreams should be discussed with a healthcare provider as they could signal underlying health issues. What Does It Mean to Have a Fever Dream?

Fasting Time

Could a Calorie-Restricted Diet or Fasting Help You Live Longer? - The New York Times delves into the scientific intrigue surrounding calorie restriction and intermittent fasting as potential longevity boosters, a concept borne from decades of animal research. Studies suggest that cutting calorie intake can significantly extend the lifespan of various species, from worms to monkeys, by inducing key biological changes and reducing susceptibility to age-related illnesses like cancer. However, the application of these findings to human longevity remains uncertain. Although some evidence hints that these dietary adjustments could benefit human metabolic health and potentially slow aging, definitive long-term human studies are lacking, and the mixed results, including some contrary findings in human obesity, prompt ongoing debate among scientists.

Fact or Fiction

Chatbot answers are all made up. This new tool could help you figure out which ones to trust. | MIT Technology Review discusses a new tool developed by A.I. startup Cleanlab, aimed at evaluating the reliability of responses from large language models (LLMs). This tool, emerging from a quantum computing lab at MIT, scores outputs from LLMs on a scale from 0 to 1 to determine their trustworthiness, addressing businesses' concerns about these models' tendency to "hallucinate" or generate inaccurate information. By providing a reliability score, the tool allows users to discern which responses to trust. This innovation is especially pertinent as chatbots become more integrated into daily digital interactions, from search engines to office software. The Trustworthy Language Model could significantly reduce the risk of using LLMs in high-stakes business environments, enhancing their appeal and utility.

Sweet Nothings

In a recent article from The Atlantic, the introduction of brazzein, a new sugar substitute, is explored alongside older alternatives like aspartame and stevia. Despite its promise, brazzein must replicate sugar's unique sweetness, much like its predecessors. The narrative recounts a personal journey of managing blood sugar levels through various sweeteners, underscoring the dissatisfaction with their aftertaste and health concerns. Even with technological advancements, sugar substitutes still mimic sugar's flavor and texture, leading to continued disappointment for those seeking a healthier, yet equally satisfying, alternative to sugar. A New Sweetener Has Joined the Ranks of Aspartame and Stevia - The Atlantic

Happiness: Marriage and Money

The Happiness Trinity - The Atlantic delves into the complex question of what truly fuels our happiness. Marriage, according to W. Bradford Wilcox's new book, Get Married: Why Americans Must Defy the Elites, Forge Strong Families, and Save Civilization, emerges as a significant predictor of life satisfaction in America, outshining education, income, and job satisfaction. However, the discourse extends beyond matrimony, exploring "social fitness" — the quality of relationships in one's life — as an even stronger happiness determinant. The article also highlights the intertwined roles of income and social well-being, noting that higher income levels correspond with better marriage and social outcomes. Ultimately, the discussion suggests that happiness in America might morph into a luxury, stratified by income levels, with significant implications for society's overall well-being.

Unraveling the Complexities of Consciousness

The quest to understand consciousness remains elusive, yet tantalizing advances have sparked renewed interest. Grounded in the Orchestrated Objective Reduction (Orch OR) theory, pioneered by Roger Penrose and Stuart Hameroff, researchers posit that consciousness emerges from quantum processes within brain microtubules. Recent explorations extend this theory, demonstrating that microtubules might maintain quantum coherence far longer than expected, suggesting that our brains can sustain these quantum states despite their warm, wet conditions. Complementarily, Timothy Palmer's Invariant Set Theory proposes that consciousness and free will reflect our entanglement in a universal fractal geometry. While far from conclusive, these insights offer intriguing possibilities about the structure and reach of consciousness, bridging scientific inquiry with profound philosophical implications. Where Does Our Consciousness Live? It's Complicated.