Animals

080 - Entrepreneurial Hearts, Microbial Moodiness, and an Ode to Pop-Tarts - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

I increased the number of articles today since I won't publish a newsletter next week. The newsletter will return on March 3, 2024.

Tidying Up for Sanity

"The average person likely loses 5 percent of their time due to disorganization. Take your annual salary, multiply that by 5 percent, and you can measure what disorganization may be costing you." In Being organized can improve mental health. This is why., Daryl Austin explores how organization can positively impact mental health. Research suggests that living in a cluttered environment is associated with memory issues, poor eating habits, mood disorders, and decreased impulse control. It also is associated with increased stress levels, affecting overall well-being. However, organizing can enhance productivity, reduce exhaustion, and improve quality of life. Experts recommend starting small, setting aside specific time for decluttering, and enlisting support if needed. Digital decluttering is also emphasized. Ultimately, organizing sends a message of self-worth and can lead to a more intentional and loving relationship with one's home.

Aging Gracefully

As life expectancy increases, researchers are shifting focus from merely extending lifespan to enhancing healthspan—the years free from debilitating diseases. Key strategies include studying centenarians for genetic insights, promoting healthy lifestyles through diet, exercise, and mental engagement, and exploring experimental medications like metformin and rapamycin. Self-monitoring and social connectivity also play pivotal roles. While the quest for longevity continues, experts stress the importance of prevention and personalized approaches to optimize healthspan and ensure a healthier, more fulfilling life as we age.It's not your life span you need to worry about. It's your health span.

Long COVID's Exercise Paradox

A recent study sheds light on why many long COVID sufferers struggle with exercise. Post-exertional malaise (PEM), a defining symptom of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), leads to a debilitating cycle of fatigue and worsened condition in Long-COVID patients. The study reveals that after exercise, these patients experience muscle damage, changes in muscle composition, and disrupted energy metabolism. Notably, they exhibit lower energy-generating processes and an impaired ability to recover from exercise. These findings underscore the importance of pacing oneself to minimize the severity and duration of post-exertional malaise in long COVID patients. Long COVID can destroy your ability to exercise. Now we know why.

Wired for Sound

Exploring the neuroscience of musical preference reveals intriguing connections to our personalities, emotions, and social identities. Our brains are naturally drawn to music with unexpected elements, triggering pleasurable responses. Studies show that our musical tastes evolve, influenced by our emotions and experiences. This suggests a deep link between music preference and personal identity. Understanding these connections can help bridge gaps between individuals with different tastes, highlighting musical enjoyment's universal and individual aspects. The Neuroscience of Musical Tastes - Neuroscience News.

Mastering the Apology

Why is it so challenging to deliver a genuine apology? Experts say a sincere apology requires vulnerability and humility, admitting wrongdoing without justifications or excuses. Research shows that effective apologies can lead to forgiveness, benefiting both the giver and the receiver. To craft a meaningful apology, experts suggest expressing regret without using conditional language, explaining the offense briefly, acknowledging the harm caused, promising not to repeat the mistake, offering to make amends, and gently requesting forgiveness. These steps can help repair relationships and foster understanding. How to Apologize Like You Mean It - The New York Times (gift article).

Self-Training Paradox: AI's Strange Evolution

As AI evolves, researchers turn to self-training methods, using machines to teach machines. This approach, while promising, raises concerns about the technology's opacity and potential to produce "unintelligible intelligence." With AI models already exhibiting complex behaviors and the ability to "cheat" in tasks, the path to actual artificial teaching is fraught with challenges. While self-training could lead to groundbreaking discoveries and efficiencies, it also poses risks of reinforcing biases and producing outcomes humans struggle to understand or control. As AI advances, so does the need to consider its capabilities and implications carefully. Things Get Strange When AI Starts Training Itself - The Atlantic.

Ageless Wonders

From the depths of the oceans to the ancient lands, Earth's inhabitants boast lifespans that defy human comprehension. Bowhead whales roaming Arctic waters can live over 200 years, while Jonathan, the Seychelles giant tortoise, has thrived for over 190 years. By unlocking the secrets of these long-lived creatures, scientists aim to understand the complex interplay of genetics, environment, and lifestyle that contributes to their exceptional lifespans. What Is the Longest Living Animal? From Tortoises to Whales | HowStuffWorks.

Memory Meltdown

A night of less than six hours of sleep can significantly impact your short-term memory, impairing your ability to recall information the next day. Sleep-deprived individuals may also experience reduced attention, emotional instability, and difficulty encoding new information. Lack of sufficient sleep can negatively affect the brain's frontal lobe, impacting memory retrieval and executive function. While remote memories remain intact, short-term memory and cognitive performance decline with each additional hour of missed sleep. Proper rest is crucial for memory consolidation and overall cognitive health. How Sleep Deprivation Can Affect Memory - The New York Times (gift article).

An Ode to Pop-Tarts

The passing of Bill Post, one of the creators of Pop-Tarts, stirs memories of this iconic childhood treat. Originally released in Cleveland 60 years ago, Pop-Tarts have become a pop-culture phenomenon, evolving into various forms and flavors. From the classic Frosted Pop-Tarts to the quirky Ted's Tarts knockoffs, these toaster pastries have captured hearts and taste buds. Comedians like Jerry Seinfeld have even immortalized them in routines. As we remember Post's legacy, we also celebrate the enduring appeal of these sweet treats that symbolize American nostalgia (and ultra-processed food). A toast to Pop-Tarts, the childhood treat I couldn't resist - The Washington Post (gift article).

Mood Mice-robials

Recent research has shown that the bacteria in your gut, particularly strains of Lactobacillus, can significantly influence mood and stress resilience. Studies on mice have revealed that specific bacterial strains can reduce stress and anxiety-like behavior, suggesting a direct link between the gut microbiome and mental health. This research opens new avenues for developing probiotics that target mood regulation, highlighting the importance of a healthy, probiotic-rich diet for mental well-being. Bacteria in your gut can improve your mood − new research in mice tries to zero in on the crucial strains.

Funny Bone-obos

Research conducted by Erica Cartmill and her colleagues reveals that great apes, including chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans, and gorillas, engage in playful teasing behaviors resembling humor's building blocks. These actions, which include prodding, tickling, and stealing, are believed to have evolved over 13 million years ago and may serve to strengthen social bonds and provide insight into the tolerance levels of their peers. The study, which analyzed 75 hours of footage from two zoos, suggests that these behaviors demonstrate social intelligence and foresight, as successful teasing requires understanding others' psychological boundaries. This research sheds light on the early precursors of joking and the complex social dynamics within great ape communities. Great Apes Possess the Building Blocks of Humor - The Atlantic.

The Entrepreneurial Heart

In an article by Arthur Brooks for The Atlantic, the author parallels romantic love and entrepreneurship, suggesting that both ventures require a healthy attitude towards failure for ultimate success. Brooks argues that just as aspiring entrepreneurs must be prepared for the likelihood of failure, individuals seeking love must also embrace the possibility of heartbreak. He suggests that, much like failed business ventures, failed romances offer valuable lessons that can lead to greater happiness in future relationships. The article emphasizes the importance of learning from romantic failures, avoiding the "doom loop" of repeated mistakes, and maintaining a positive outlook on love despite setbacks. By adopting an entrepreneurial mindset, individuals can increase their chances of finding true romance.What to Do If the Course of True Love Is Not Running Smoothly - The Atlantic.

050 - Metformin for Long-Covid, Aging Gracefully, and Loneliness - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Metformin and Long Covid

A recent study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases reveals that metformin, a commonly used diabetes drug, may reduce the risk of developing long COVID by 41 percent for individuals who are overweight or have obesity. Long COVID, a condition characterized by persistent symptoms after a COVID-19 infection, has no approved treatment. The study's findings offer hope, but further research is needed to validate the results and explore how metformin prevents long COVID. Although the mechanism is unclear, unlike the authors, who opine that metformin may interfere with viral replication, I think a more likely explanation is that it modulates the immune system through its influence on the microbiome. A Common Diabetes Drug May Prevent Long COVID in Some People - Scientific American

Covid and the Introversion - Extroversion Dynamic

An interesting piece in WaPo about how Covid (permanently?) flipped the script in social dynamics: Opinion | The world has become more introverted. And I hate it. - The Washington Post (gift article)

How to Age Gracefully

A new study suggests that learning new skills can have significant cognitive benefits for older adults. The authors hypothesize that cognitive slowing as a senior is akin to the "summer slide" that schoolchildren experience (every year, teachers and parents observe how summer vacations lead some children's academic progress to backslide). What if the elderly experience a similar phenomenon? The research found that a three-month intervention program involving classes on various skills, such as singing, drawing, and language learning, improved participants' memory and attention. Surprisingly, the cognitive gains continued even after the program ended, with participants' abilities resembling those of individuals 30 years younger. Encouraging lifelong learning and creating enriched environments for older adults could enhance their cognitive skills and support healthy aging. To Stay Sharp as You Age, Learn New Skills - Scientific American

Consciousness Conundrum: Animal Awareness and Neural Correlates

Here is another story from the 26th meeting of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness (mentioned last week). The article discusses the potential consciousness of vertebrates, cephalopods, and arthropods, with debates on their complex behaviors and brain structures. Additionally, the possibility of achieving conscious artificial intelligence and its ethical concerns were discussed. Thousands of species of animals probably have consciousness

How Susceptible are you to Misinformation?

A new test designed to measure susceptibility to misinformation reveals that younger Americans struggle more with identifying fake news than older generations. Researchers developed the "misinformation susceptibility test" (MIST) at the University of Cambridge in collaboration with YouGov. Participants were presented with authentic and AI-generated false headlines and had to differentiate between them. The study found that individuals who spent more time online and relied on social media platforms for news were more prone to falling for misinformation. Age and personality traits also played a role in susceptibility. While the test has some limitations, it underscores the importance of media literacy in navigating the information landscape. How Susceptible Are You to Misinformation? There's a Test You Can Take - Scientific American

Can Math and Physics Save an Arrhythmic Heart?

"Abnormal waves of electrical activity can cause a heart's muscle cells to beat out of sync."_ In Can Math and Physics Save an Arrhythmic Heart?, Flavio Fenton, an expert in cardiac dynamics, discusses ways to treat heart arrhythmias without resorting to painful defibrillators.

Weighing In: The Hidden Costs of Dieting

In the article Why You Don't Just Lose Fat When You're on a Diet Adam Collins explores the consequences of dieting beyond fat loss. While being in a calorie deficit helps shed weight, it also results in the loss of muscle mass. The depletion of glycogen stores leads to the release of water weight. Moreover, the body turns to metabolizing muscle tissue for energy, impacting metabolism and potentially causing weight regain. The article emphasizes the importance of exercise, protein intake, and sustainable lifestyle changes for maintaining muscle mass and preventing metabolic shifts during weight loss.

Ozempic: A Treatment for Addictive Behaviors?

This week, Scientific American published an article on a phenomenon I first mentioned in Newsletter 43. A surprising side effect of Ozempic, a diabetes drug that aids weight loss, has emerged: users report a reduction in cravings for addictive substances such as nicotine, alcohol, and gambling. Scientists are now investigating whether these weight-loss drugs, including Ozempic, can be used to treat addiction. Ozempic targets a hormone that regulates appetite and weakens the brain's Association between food and pleasure. Animal studies have shown promising results, but human trials are still limited. Researchers are initiating their studies to determine the safety and effectiveness of these drugs in addiction treatment. Could New Weight-Loss Drugs like Ozempic Treat Addiction? - Scientific American (Thanks Dave Pell, NextDraft)

The Epidemic of Loneliness

"Research has shown that a lonely brain is transformed. Neurotransmitters important for bonding and social connection go haywire. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, responsible for modulating stress, is hyperactive. The amygdala, which triggers our fight-or-flight response and helps process emotional reactions, is in overdrive: In previous studies, Dr. Cacioppo found that lonely people detect negative or threatening pictures and words in under 400 milliseconds. The neuroscience might explain the sadness that accompanies loneliness and the palpable sense of danger." The New York Times had an insightful piece on loneliness: Opinion | How to Treat Loneliness With Medicine. (gift article)

Psychedelics in the U.S. Defense Funding Bill

Lawmakers included funding in the National Defense Authorization Act to look at psychedelics' role in treating PTSD, depression, anxiety, and chronic pain. Psychedelics like MDMA play a part in US defense funding bill

038 - Ice Cream, Understanding Animal Communication, and Circadian Immunity - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Wait, Ice Cream Might be Healthy?

I enjoyed the article, Could Ice Cream Possibly Be Good for You?. The report not only discusses the controversial, non-spurious outcome that won't go away but also demonstrates what happens in the scientific world when a new finding bucks traditional thinking. And the article contains puns.....

How Generative AI Will Change the Music Industry

Generative AI is not just for text and image creation. AI-Generated Music Is About to Flood Streaming Platforms discusses how AI is changing the music industry and music itself.....

Amyloidosis

The same misfolded proteins found in Alzheimer's Disease can also be found in other organs. Alzheimer's-Like Diseases Can Affect the Body — Scientists Are Working to Find Out Why is an overview of Amyloidosis and its treatment.

Chartreuse Shortage

For my 21st birthday, some friends bought me Chartreuse, a bright green herbal liqueur. That was the only time I tasted it. But now, even if I wanted more, it might not be possible. Chartreuse is getting more difficult to find. Why Is There a Chartreuse Shortage? Ask the Monks Who Make It.

Altered States of Memory

"Memory is "reconstructive." People actively alter the information they remember according to their biases and expectations." Short-term memories were thought to be less subject to alteration, but a recent study demonstrates otherwise: Our expectations can create fake short-term memories. If you'd like to learn more about the fragility/malleability of memory, take a listen to one of my favorite Revisionist History episodes: Free Brian Williams.

How Ultra-processed Food Starves the Microbiome

Another article on how processing alters food--and not in healthy ways: You Could Be Unknowingly Starving Your Gut Bacteria — But The Fix Is Surprisingly Simple. I feel like a broken record....

Is "Non-Communicable Disease" a Misnomer?

Human ailments such as heart disease were thought to be non-communicable. But findings from microbiome research call that belief into question: The Biggest Microbiome Study Sheds New Light on Shared Health Risks.

Covid, Population Risk, and Personal Risk

There is a 1% mortality rate from COVID. If 1% of COVID-19 cases result in death, does that mean you have a 1% chance of dying if you catch it?

FDA Approves Second Bivalent COVID Booster

"Federal health officials will not formally urge that people get a second booster. Instead, the "permissive" policy says they may get a second dose if they want." FDA okays second omicron booster for people at high risk from covid

Why Does Hair Turn Grey?

"A new study suggests stem cells may get stuck as hair ages and lose their ability to mature and maintain hair color." Scientists may have discovered why hair turns grey._

Belated Happy Waldo Day!

This week marked 4/20. In honor of the day, Longreads compiled a list of cannabis-related stories: Weed Between the Lines: A Longreads Cannabis Collection.

Talking to the Animals

I've often joked that I wish Theodore, a six-year-old Labradoodle, could talk. Now, thanks to AI and bioacoustics, my wish may become a reality: How Scientists Are Using AI to Talk to Animals.

Food and Hot Flashes

We don't understand the physiology of hot flashes, but it appears food can influence the severity of this common occurrence: Could Certain Foods Help With Hot Flashes? (gift article)

Us versus Them

"It's been said, "There are two kinds of people in the world: those who divide the world into two kinds of people and those who don't." In reality, there are lots more of the former. And it can be vastly consequential when people are divided into Us and Them, ingroup and outgroup, "the people" (i.e., our kind) and the Others." An stimulating article in Nautilus about us/them dichotomies: Why Your Brain Hates Other People.

Reinvent Yourself According to Experts

Giving credence to your "possible selves" is an evidence-based way to reinvent yourself. How to Reinvent Yourself, According to the Experts tells you how. See also the fantastic podcast: zigzag project.

A Key Character Trait for Happiness

Enthusiasm Is Key to Happiness is an interesting article that touches on psychology and finishes with ways of improving your happiness, regardless of personality type.

Huge Umbrella Analysis of Dietary Sugar

The British Medical Journal published an article that aggregated a huge (8600+) studies on the effects of sugar on health outcomes: Dietary sugar consumption and health: an umbrella review. Read the synopsis here: Study Offers Dozens of Reasons to Cut Sugar

Circadian Rhythms and Immunity

How Circadian Rhythms and Time of Day Control the Immune System describes recent breakthroughs into how our body's internal clock seems to regulate immunity and susceptibility to disease.

037 - Deep Fakes, Dangerous Cheese, and Astronaut Nutrition - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

The Most Dangerous Cheese in the World

Casu marzu, or "rotten cheese," is a delicacy in Sardinia, Italy. The cheese is also illegal in the U.S. due to food safety laws regarding eating food with insects and parasites. Despite the cheese's legal status, "epicurious" individuals are figuring out ways to give it a try: Would You Eat Casu Marzu, the Illegal Cheese With Maggots?

New Insights into Aging

Research on how stem cells destroy aberrant material offers new insight into the aging process: Stem Cell' Junk Yards' Reveal a New Clue About Aging.

Fighting Antimicrobial Resistance

Another call for the government to reign in the misuse of antibiotics in livestock: To Fight Antimicrobial Resistance, Start with Farm Animals. See my old opinion piece in the Huffington Post on the same topic: Antibiotics, Obesity and You.

How to Detect Lies

"A new study demonstrates that simply focusing on the level of detail in a person's story can be a surprisingly accurate way to detect a lie. The more detail there is, the less likely that a story is fabricated." Here's a simple way to detect lies — that works.

Brain Tempo

A new study out of Australia shows that "Changing between slow and fast integration of information, the brain can flexibly modulate the timescales on which it operates." How the Brain Slows Down When We Focus Our Gaze.

Turning Negative Thinkers Into Positive Ones

The NY Times, back in 2017, published an interesting article on fostering positive emotions. Well worth a (re)read: Turning Negative Thinkers Into Positive Ones. (gift article)

Help, Heard, or Hug?

A simple question can improve the quality of communication in relationships: Helped, Heard, or Hugged? What to Ask When Someone You Love Is Upset. (gift article)

Ghosting Between Friends

Ghosting doesn't just happen on the dating scene. Ghosting by a friend hurts just as much (or more) than that experienced in the apps. What to Do if a Friend Ghosts You. (gift article)

Hibernating Bears

Bears hibernate for a good portion of the year, but unlike other mammals, they don't suffer from blood clots and other cardiovascular problems from their long bouts of inactivity. These scientists are trying to understand why: Hibernating Bears Reveal How to Prevent Blood Clots in Humans.

How to Argue Effectively

Disagreements are inevitable. Here are some strategies to argue more effectively: Harvard negotiator explains how to argue.

Self-Aware Fish

I enjoyed the article, Are Fish Self-Aware? that touches on animal cognition and consciousness. The article also highlights a problem with science and scientific publication: entrenched, dogmatic ideas are defended vehemently by their proponents, even when there is plenty of evidence to refute their beliefs.

Two States Want to Ban Food Additives Linked to Health Concerns

What do Red dye no.3, titanium dioxide, brominated vegetable oil, potassium bromate, and propylparaben have in common? They are all common in certain processed foods and could soon be banned in N.Y. and C.A. The food industry is vehemently opposed: California and New York Could Ban 5 Food Additives Linked to Health Concerns. (gift article)

London Lonely Girls Club

She was lonely. She started a friends club, and 35,000 people joined (gift article) tells the story of how one lonely woman started a club to fight her isolation. Similar groups are emerging throughout the world.

The Positive Side of Anxiety

Anxiety causes much suffering, but there is an upside to worry as well: Positive strengths of having anxiety.

Out-of-this-World Nutrition

Here is an interesting article about the program researching the impact of diet on well-being in space: Diet-Mental Health Relationship in Astronaut Performance.

Deep Fakes in Space

Curious about deep fakes (A.I. generated videos)? To Make a Deepfake is a fascinating video from Scientific American that touches on the technology and its implications using the context of a Richard Nixon speech.

034 - Social Anxiety, Beethoven's DNA, and Tattoos - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

New Year's Anti-Resolutions and To-Don't Lists

"when you don't know the right way forward, you might succeed by focusing on what you know to be wrong instead." I learned quite a bit from Your bad attitude can make you happier.

Galentine's Day-Dinner with Strangers

The Radical Act of Eating With Strangers was an interesting article about friendship and social connection. I wonder how it might work here in North Carolina. (I ran out of gift articles)

How to Combat Loneliness

An article from Harvard Health with suggestions to combat loneliness: 3 ways to create community and counter loneliness

Social Anxiety - Fear of Failing

What is the neuroscience behind social anxiety, an affliction that affects 40 million people in the U.S.? Fear of Failing: The Secrets Behind Social Anxiety

Steven Pinker Interview

Steven Pinker is an influential cognitive psychologist and author. In the interview, The ultimate guide to rationality, , he touches on "topics such as human progress, the tragedy of the commons, Bayesian reasoning, and strategies to curb our most destructive instincts, with the ultimate goal of improving the world for everyone."

Tattoos and Immunity

The skin is the body's first line of defense. For thousands of years, humans have been decorating their bodies with tattoos. Scientists still aren't sure what happens to our immune system when we receive one.Tattoos do odd things to the immune system

Foods that Fight Inflammation

Here is a brief but informative article from Harvard on anti-inflammatory foods: Foods that fight inflammation

GPT-4 AI Scores 85% on USMLE

Microsoft released a paper this week that showed that the latest GPT model could pass the USMLE: GPT-4 on Medical Challenge Problems - Microsoft Research. +Eric Topal breaks down the implications of AI for medicine: Multimodal AI for medicine, simplified - by Eric Topol

Intelligence and (un)Happiness

"Your intelligence is more likely to bring you happiness if you put it to use by chasing better ways to love and serve others rather than elbowing others aside and hoarding worldly rewards." Another interesting article in the Atlantic's How to Build a Life: Intelligence Is More Than a Tool to Get Ahead

Defining "Life" and "Death."

Technology forces us to reexamine what we consider alive and dead. The ideas are far-reaching, including law, medicine, ethics, and morality. Another thought-provoking article in Wired: The End of 'Life' As You Know It

Applying Scarcity to Gym Membership

Years ago, Robert Cialdini wrote a classic book on sales techniques: Influence, New and Expanded: The Psychology of Persuasion. The rise of pricey, application-only gyms is an exemplar of Cialdini's principles: The Rise of Exclusive, Application-Only Gym Memberships (gift article)

Animal Personality and Scientific Results

Here is an interesting article questioning whether animal personality might alter scientific results. Animal Personalities Can Trip Up Science, But There's a Solution

Cancer and Circadian Rhythm

A study published in Trends in Cell Biology reviewed the influence of circadian rhythms on cancer biology. "The circadian rhythm governs most of the cellular functions implicated in cancer progression, and its exploitation, therefore, opens new promising directions in the fight against metastasis. In this review, we summarize the role of the circadian rhythm in tumor development and progression, with emphasis on the circadian rhythm-regulated elements that control the generation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and metastasis. We then present data on chronotherapy and discuss how circadian rhythm investigations may open new paths to more effective anticancer treatments." A new time dimension in the fight against metastasis

Beethoven's DNA

An article on how sleuths tracked down and analyzed strands of Beethoven's hair. The findings are fascinating: DNA From Beethoven's Hair Unlocks Medical and Family Secrets (gift article) and Beethoven's Genome Has Been Sequenced for the First Time, Revealing Clues About the Great Composer's Health & Family History

Meat Lobbies

Here is an article on how the meat industry changed the proposed recommendations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report. I learned quite a bit from the article, including that the global beef industry is estimated at around $400 billion and that meat and dairy produce about 14.5% of global greenhouse emissions. The meat industry got the IPCC to edit a climate change report

Using Google Maps to Plan your Vacation

I'm going to try this: How To Use Google Maps Immersive View To Vacation Plan Like a Pro

Who is Most at Risk for Long-Covid?

A meta-analysis revealed the risk factors for long-covid: being female, obese, over 40, a smoker, and having previous medical conditions. Who Is Most At Risk for Long Covid? (gift article)