113 - Cellular Demise, Zombies, and What Not to Say - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Sweet Control: Keeping Blood Sugar in Check

Managing blood sugar is vital for preventing diabetes and related complications. Is Your Blood Sugar Too High? How Food, Sleep, and Exercise Can Affect It. - The New York Times (gift article) explores how lifestyle factors—diet, exercise, and sleep—affect glucose levels. Foods high in carbohydrates and sugar cause spikes, while balanced meals with protein, fat, and fiber help stabilize blood sugar. Exercise helps lower blood sugar, while stress and poor sleep can cause it to rise. Regular testing, especially for those with risk factors, is key. Medications like metformin or Ozempic are available for those struggling with lifestyle changes, though healthy habits remain the foundation of effective blood sugar control.

What Not to Say in Love’s Language

Things You Should Never Say to Your Partner - The New York Times (gift article) explores common phrases that may unintentionally escalate conflicts in romantic relationships. Phrases like “You always…” and “Yes, but…” are highlighted as conversation derailers, sparking defensiveness instead of problem-solving. Experts suggest avoiding comparisons to others and dismissals, such as “Calm down” or “You’re overreacting,” which can invalidate feelings and amplify arguments. Rather than placing blame, the article encourages focusing on present concerns, actively listening, and showing empathy to foster constructive discussions and strengthen relationship bonds.

GLP-1 Drugs Are Revolutionizing Health

GLP-1 receptor agonists, initially used for diabetes, are now reshaping medicine with effects that stretch far beyond blood sugar control. Drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy not only aid weight loss but also show promise in combating cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, and even addiction. These “molecular Swiss Army knives” work by reducing inflammation and improving cell health, potentially impacting Alzheimer’s, arthritis, and substance dependency. With their ability to influence multiple health pathways, GLP-1 drugs could be the next great leap in chronic disease management, signaling a shift in how we treat and prevent various conditions. GLP-1s like Ozempic are among the most important drug breakthroughs ever.

Ozempic’s Surprising Brain Boost

A recent study from Case Western Reserve University reveals that Ozempic, a drug commonly prescribed for type 2 diabetes, may significantly lower the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Researchers found that patients using semaglutide, Ozempic’s active ingredient, had up to a 70% lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s compared to those on other diabetes medications, with the most substantial benefit seen against insulin users. Though the exact mechanism is unclear, the study suggests Ozempic’s effects on obesity and heart disease, common Alzheimer’s risk factors, might play a role. Additional clinical trials are underway to explore this promising link further. Ozempic Outperformed 7 Diabetes Medications in Reducing the Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease.

Fungi Go High-Tech

Researchers have developed biohybrid robots powered by mycelial networks from oyster mushrooms in a groundbreaking fusion of biology and engineering (and eerily congruent with several horror movies). These fungi produce electrical signals in response to ultraviolet light, which are used to control movement in rolling and hopping robots. Known for their sensitivity to environmental shifts, fungi offer low-cost and versatile potential for agricultural uses, like automated fruit harvesting or soil nutrient sensing. The team hopes future models will feature integrated fungal systems, allowing robots to respond directly to their surroundings—an exciting leap in sustainable, nature-inspired robotics. This Is Your Robot Brain on Mushrooms | Scientific American.

Can Fungi Really Create Zombies?

Matt Kasson, a mycologist, delves into the possibility of a “zombie apocalypse” induced by fungi, debunking the myth while exploring real-world examples of fungal mind control in insects. Cordyceps fungi, famously showcased in “The Last of Us,” turn ants into “zombie-like” creatures by hijacking their behavior. The process, called “summiting,” sees the fungus control infected ants to spread its spores effectively. However, Kasson assures us these fungi are far from evolving enough to target humans. While fungi like Aspergillus and Cryptococcus can pose health risks, human zombification remains safe within fiction. Could fungi actually cause a zombie apocalypse?

Yamanaka Factors Turn Back Time in the Mouse Brain

This study reveals, in mice, that Yamanaka factors can reverse signs of aging in brain neurons, enhancing synaptic connectivity and stabilizing metabolism, potentially offering protection against neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s. Researchers at the University of Barcelona introduced these cellular reprogramming proteins into adult mouse neurons, resulting in rejuvenation without side effects. Remarkably, treated mice demonstrated improved motor and social behaviors. This discovery opens new possibilities for therapies targeting neurodegeneration, offering a promising new research area for repairing damaged brain cells and preserving cognitive function in age-related disorders. (thanks, Amy!) Yamanaka Factors Can Reverse Neuronal Aging - Neuroscience News.

Balancing Act

Research suggests that standing on one leg is a simple yet effective predictor of neuromuscular aging. A study involving 40 adults over 50 revealed that single-leg balance outperformed other physical assessments, such as grip strength and walking stance, in gauging physical and mental aging. This balance test taps into neuromuscular control and sensory processing, making it a valuable indicator of frailty, fall risk, and overall independence. Notably, the test requires no specialized tools, making it an accessible self-assessment for aging health. This Simple Test Could Predict How Fast Your Mind and Body Are Aging.

The Many Modes of Cellular Demise

Cells in our body constantly face various forms of death, from accidental injuries (necrosis) to self-sacrifice (programmed death). Traditional categories like apoptosis (clean, orderly death) and necrosis (messy, accidental death) have expanded to over 20 unique pathways, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, and PANoptosis. These specialized modes allow cells to self-destruct in response to infection or internal failure, often triggering immune responses. Recent discoveries in cell death, such as NETosis, cuproptosis, and ferroptosis, offer hope for targeted therapies against infections and diseases like cancer and Alzheimer’s by strategically managing cellular demise. Your cells are dying. All the time. - Big Think.

Fear Factor: Why We Love Getting Spooked

Many people indulge in horror to experience the thrill of fear without real danger. This article explores the psychology behind why some crave these “controlled fear experiences,” like haunted houses or scary movies. Adrenaline and dopamine create a pleasurable rush, simulating a “runner’s high” and relieving stress afterward. Additionally, facing fear with others can strengthen social bonds through a psychological phenomenon known as “tend-and-befriend.” Research shows that horror fans may build resilience, gaining emotional tools to face real-life stress. Ultimately, scaring ourselves is fun and may enhance social connections and coping skills. Some people love to scare themselves in an already scary world − here’s the psychology of why.

107 - Booze and Bugs, Sound Health, and Akkermansia - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Routine Recall

Sticking to repetitive routines might seem beneficial, but research reveals it can harm memory and cognitive function. Breaking free from habitual activities, such as doing the same workouts or eating the same meals, can improve mental stimulation, rewire your brain, and even increase happiness. Diversifying daily activities like cooking new recipes, learning new skills, or engaging in varied physical exercises promotes neuroplasticity and better cognitive health. Simple changes help stimulate the brain, enhance memory, and foster a greater sense of well-being. Keep your brain active by embracing novelty and variety. The #1 Habit to Break to Improve Your Memory.

Parkinson's Disease May Start in the Gut

A recent study adds weight to the theory that Parkinson's disease might originate in the gut rather than the brain. Researchers found that damage to the gastrointestinal lining, such as ulcers and esophagitis, increased the likelihood of developing Parkinson's later in life. The results support the "gut-first" hypothesis, which posits that misfolded proteins in the gut could spread to the brain through the vagus nerve, contributing to the onset of Parkinson's. Early detection and treatment of gut issues may be crucial in reducing this risk. Parkinson's may begin in the gut, study adds to growing evidence - The Washington Post (gift article).

Brain Fluid's Far-Reaching Voyage

Recent research reveals cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may travel far beyond the brain and spinal cord, challenging long-held beliefs. Researchers injected fluorescent tracers and gold nanoparticles into mice's brain chambers and discovered the fluid reached peripheral nerves like the sciatic nerve. This breakthrough suggests CSF and peripheral nerves interact in ways not previously understood, potentially revolutionizing drug delivery to otherwise hard-to-reach nerves. While much is still unknown, these findings open new doors in neuroscience and pain management, especially for conditions like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Brain fluid may travel to distant parts of body | Science | AAAS (Thanks, Amy!).

Age is Just a Number (or is it?)

How much does aging affect mental acuity? It's debatable explores the complex relationship between aging and mental acuity, debunking common misconceptions about the elderly and cognitive decline. It highlights that age alone doesn't determine mental function—factors like lifestyle, genetics, and environmental influences play pivotal roles. While aging can affect reaction time and memory, the brain retains adaptability through new learning strategies. Cognitive frailty, distinct from dementia, can signal increased vulnerability to stress, but it isn't inevitable. The piece urges regular cognitive screenings, physical activity, and social engagement to support healthy brain aging and prevent mental decline.

Sound Health

The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health of the NIH is considering expanding its Sound Health Initiative. The Sound Health Initiative aims to: 1. expand current knowledge and understanding of how listening, performing, or creating music involves intricate circuitry in the brain that could be harnessed for health and wellness applications in daily life, 2. explore ways to enhance the potential for music as therapy for neurological disorders, 3. identify future opportunities for research, and 4. create public awareness about how the brain functions and interacts with music. The NIH is requesting information to build research capacity through career-stage training programs potentially. Request for Information (RFI): Inviting Comments on Early Career Stage Training Programs to Support Capacity Building for Music and Health Research | NCCIH. +see also: Information from the joint NIH/National Endowment for the Arts December 2023 Workshop: Music as Medicine: The Science and Clinical Practice | NCCIH

The Thick Truth About Akkermansia

Akkermansia muciniphila, a probiotic microbe, is gaining attention for its potential health benefits, including weight management, better blood sugar control, and stimulating satiety hormones. While studies suggest higher levels of Akkermansia are linked to better metabolic health, its role is still under scrutiny due to limited research and possible side effects, including heightened vulnerability to pathogens. Despite the buzz and celebrity endorsements, experts urge caution and recommend prioritizing diet and exercise for gut health before turning to expensive supplements like Pendulum's probiotic products. A probiotic called Akkermansia claims to boost health. Does it work? - The Washington Post (gift article).

Buy Less, Do More

Buy Experiences instead of Possessions to Build Social Connection | Scientific American explores how purchasing experiences, rather than material goods, fosters deeper social connections. Research shows that shared experiences, like attending a concert or hiking, create a stronger sense of kinship than owning similar material items. Even when experiences differ in quality, they encourage bonding more than possessions. Reflecting on experiences also promotes a broader connection to humanity, countering loneliness and enhancing well-being. The article suggests prioritizing experiences over things for personal happiness and social cohesion and encourages policymakers to invest in public spaces for shared activities.

Booze and Bugs

How Does Alcohol Affect Your Gut Health? - The New York Times (gift article) explores the complex relationship between alcohol consumption and the gut microbiome. Heavy drinking can lead to imbalances in gut bacteria, inflammation, and a "leaky gut" that releases toxins into the bloodstream, potentially damaging the liver. While moderate alcohol consumption may not have the same harmful effects, research on its long-term impact is limited. Studies suggest red wine improves microbial diversity due to polyphenols, but reducing alcohol consumption is recommended to promote overall gut health and reduce the risk of various diseases.

Processed Predicaments

Are Some Ultraprocessed Foods Worse Than Others? - The New York Times (gift article) delves into a recent study analyzing the varying health risks associated with ultra-processed foods. Researchers found that certain types, like sugar-sweetened drinks and processed meats, pose a greater risk for cardiovascular disease than others, while some foods, like cereals and yogurts, might even offer nutritional benefits. The study emphasizes distinguishing between harmful and less harmful ultra-processed foods and recommends prioritizing whole, unprocessed foods for better health. Reducing processed meats and sugary beverages remains a crucial takeaway for healthier eating.

103 - Erythritol Issues, Diet over Drugs for I.B.S., and Preventing Cancer - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

The Risky Truth Behind Erythritol

A recent study reveals that erythritol, a popular sugar substitute found in products like Truvia and Splenda, may increase the risk of heart attack and stroke by elevating platelet activity, which can lead to blood clot formation. The study compared erythritol with sugar and found that while sugar did not affect platelet activity, erythritol significantly did. Despite being classified as “generally recognized as safe” by the F.D.A., this research calls for further long-term studies to assess the cardiovascular risks of erythritol and similar sugar substitutes. This Popular Sugar Substitute May Put Your Heart at Risk, A New Study Reveals.

Rolling Towards Relief

The F.D.A. is nearing a decision on the approval of MDMA-assisted therapy for treating PTSD, a move that could revolutionize psychedelic medicine. This potential approval has sparked a bipartisan lobbying effort from veterans, lawmakers, and researchers, advocating for the drug’s benefits despite concerns over trial data. The therapy, combining MDMA with talk therapy, has shown promising results in reducing PTSD symptoms, but challenges remain, including the stigma surrounding psychedelic drugs and the need for rigorous data. The F.D.A.’s decision could set a precedent for future treatments in the burgeoning field of psychedelic medicine.Veterans and Lawmakers Lobby for Approval of MDMA Therapy - The New York Times (gift article).

+despite the lobbying by some powerful groups, the F.D.A. did not approve MDMA: F.D.A. Officially Rejects MDMA-AT as PTSD Treatment | DoubleBlind Mag.

The Lingering Toll

A recent global study estimates that 400 million people have experienced long-term COVID-19, highlighting the ongoing and severe impact of the condition. With only 7-10% of patients recovering fully within two years, long Covid poses significant challenges for healthcare systems and economies, costing an estimated $1 trillion annually. The report stresses the need for more research into treatments and biological mechanisms while recommending policy changes to support affected individuals. The study underscores the far-reaching effects of long-term COVID-19 on individuals’ lives, work, and communities. About 400 Million People Worldwide Have Had Long Covid, Researchers Say - The New York Times (gift article).

Gender Prescription

Recent research suggests that patients under the care of female doctors have better outcomes than those treated by male doctors. This trend, observed across multiple countries, remains puzzling despite consistent data supporting it. Various factors, such as attentiveness to symptoms and quality of care, are posited as reasons, but the exact cause of this gender discrepancy is still unclear. While the findings provoke thought, they also underline the need to explore how gender influences medical care quality and patient survival rates. Do women make better doctors than men? (gift article).

Beyond the Scale

GLP-1 agonists like semaglutide and tirzepatide, known for their weight loss effects, reveal broader health benefits. Initially developed for diabetes, these drugs show promise in enhancing heart health, protecting kidneys, reducing sleep apnea, and even combating addiction and cognitive decline. Clinical trials highlight their potential to lower cardiovascular risks, reduce inflammation, and support brain health, suggesting these medications may act on multiple body systems beyond weight control. As research progresses, GLP-1 drugs could redefine their role in health promotion, not just weight loss.The Benefits of Ozempic Are Multiplying | WIRED.

Parasites as a Neurological Delivery System

Scientists are exploring using the parasite Toxoplasma gondii as a novel drug delivery system for brain diseases. The blood-brain barrier often prevents effective treatment of neurological conditions, but Toxoplasma naturally crosses this barrier. Researchers have engineered the parasite to deliver therapeutic proteins directly into neurons, potentially offering new treatments for disorders like Rett syndrome. However, the inherent risks of Toxoplasma infection, including its link to neurological issues, present significant challenges before this method can be used in clinical settings. Ick. How Do You Get Drugs to the Brain? Maybe Try a Parasite | WIRED.

Mind Games

Are You Psychic? Nudge, Nudge explores the concept of “population stereotypes,” a psychological phenomenon that explains how predictable human responses can create the illusion of telepathy. Through engaging examples, the author demonstrates how large groups of people consistently choose certain numbers and symbols, making it appear as though psychic abilities are at play. The article delves into the history of these demonstrations, including Uri Geller’s famous televised telepathy act, and uncovers how understanding these patterns can debunk claims of paranormal activity.

Preventing Cancer

# I’m an oncologist. Here’s what I do to reduce my own cancer risk (gift article) explores five practical steps to reduce cancer risk, emphasizing the importance of modifiable behaviors. Key strategies include vigilant sun protection to minimize U.V. exposure, limiting alcohol intake to reduce various cancer risks, abstaining from smoking to lower the likelihood of lung and other cancers significantly, incorporating daily exercise to lower risks of several cancers, and maintaining a balanced diet by avoiding sugary drinks, fast food, and processed meats. While some cancer risks are unavoidable, these proactive measures can play a significant role in prevention.

Diet Beats Drugs for I.B.S. Relief

Irritable bowel syndrome (I.B.S.) is a challenging condition with symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating, and irregular bowel movements. Traditional treatments often include medications like laxatives and antidepressants. However, a new study published in The Lancet highlights that dietary changes, specifically a low-FODMAP diet, may offer more effective symptom relief than medication. This approach, which involves avoiding certain carbohydrates that trigger symptoms, is gaining recognition as a powerful tool in managing I.B.S. for many sufferers. What’s the Best Way to Treat I.B.S.? - The New York Times (gift article).

096 - TV Trap, Fiber Fix, and Sound Health - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

TV Trap for Healthy Aging

A Harvard study reveals a strong inverse correlation between TV watching and healthy aging. Researchers found that for every two additional hours of TV time, the likelihood of aging healthily decreased by 12%. This effect was independent of other sitting forms, suggesting a unique risk associated with TV time. Data from over 45,000 women in the Nurses Health Study showed that those who limited their TV watching to less than three hours per week had significantly better odds of aging healthily. Replacing TV time with physical activity further improved these odds. Doing this one thing may improve your odds of healthy aging - Los Angeles Times.

The New Health Consensus on Alcohol

Alcohol, once considered a heart-friendly indulgence, is now recognized for its health risks even in moderation. Recent studies debunk the myth of beneficial drinking, revealing links to heart disease, cancer, and brain shrinkage. This shift in public health messaging has led to new guidelines and warnings, notably in Ireland and Canada. The pandemic's spike in alcohol consumption has also driven interest in alcohol-free alternatives. As society reevaluates its relationship with alcohol, individuals face personal decisions on the trade-offs between social enjoyment and health risks. Is That Drink Worth It to You? - The New York Times (gift article).

+see also: Ozempic, weight loss drugs could help fight addiction: study.

Sound Health

Music isn't just a delight for the ears; it's medicine for the soul. Research shows that music can significantly enhance mental and physical well-being. A 2022 review of 26 studies revealed that music interventions improve mental health-related quality of life. Brainwave entrainment plays a crucial role, where our brain syncs with musical rhythms. Additionally, music therapy increases heart rate variability, indicating better stress adaptation. Artists contribute to this therapeutic potential by creating diverse soundscapes. While the science is still evolving, it's clear that hitting play on your favorite track can be a powerful tool for healing. Music as medicine: The therapeutic potential of sound - Big Think.

+and if you're interested in this topic, the NIH published links to the Music as Medicine: The Science and Clinical Practice Workshop Summaries and Video Recordings: Music as Medicine: The Science and Clinical Practice | NCCIH.

Optimism Unleashed

Optimism is not about ignoring negative emotions but embracing them and focusing on positive outcomes. Optimistic people enhance their mental health and resilience by practicing mindfulness, expressing gratitude, engaging in positive self-talk, and staying in the present moment. They view failures as learning opportunities and surround themselves with supportive individuals. Saying "no" to things that deplete them and maintaining a good sense of humor also contribute to their positive outlook. Adopting these habits can help anyone cultivate a more positive mindset and improve overall well-being. Want to Be More Positive? Here Are 10 Things Optimistic People Do.

Sniffing Out Parkinson's

Joy Milne, a woman with an extraordinary sense of smell, detected a unique odor on her husband years before he was diagnosed with Parkinson's. Her ability to identify the scent has led to groundbreaking research on early disease detection. Joy's hyperosmia has allowed her to collaborate with scientists, identifying specific chemicals in sebum linked to Parkinson's. Her contributions may revolutionize early diagnosis and treatment, offering hope for early intervention. Joy's journey underscores the untapped potential of olfactory science in medical diagnostics. The Woman Who Could Smell Parkinson's - The New York Times (gift article).

The Warmth Behind Sentience

The article explores the role of warm-bloodedness in the evolution of sentience. Nicholas Humphrey suggests that maintaining a constant high body temperature, unique to birds and mammals, enabled significant changes in lifestyle and brain functionality. This physiological trait allowed animals to remain active across diverse climates and enhanced brain efficiency, fostering complex cognitive functions. The increased nerve conduction speed and reduced refractory period in warmer brains likely facilitated the development of consciousness. Thus, the evolution of warm-bloodedness played a critical role in shaping the autonomous and self-aware minds of mammals and birds. Did warm-bloodedness pave the path to sentience? - Big Think.

Counterfeit Calamity

Counterfeit Ozempic, a diabetes drug repurposed for weight loss, has become a lucrative global black market. Amid soaring demand and global shortages, counterfeiters exploit the gaps in the pharmaceutical supply chain, distributing fake versions that can cause severe health risks. This intricate network involves small-time intermediaries, criminal organizations, and unscrupulous distributors. As authorities struggle to track and control these fake medications, the health of desperate patients, who often fall victim to too-good-to-be-true deals, hangs in the balance. The FDA and pharmaceutical companies are racing against time to curb this growing threat. Why Counterfeit Ozempic Is a Global-Growth Industry | Vanity Fair.

+see also: Eli Lilly cracks down on counterfeit Zepbound and Mounjaro.

Walking Back the Pain

A recent study published in The Lancet confirms that regular walking can significantly reduce the recurrence of lower back pain. Researchers followed 701 adults with a history of back pain, splitting them into two groups: one receiving a personalized walking program and the other with no intervention. The walking group experienced nearly twice as long without pain recurrence as the control group. This study bolsters existing evidence that physical activity, including walking, is an effective, accessible remedy for back pain, offering a cost-effective alternative to clinical treatments. How Helpful Is Walking for Lower Back Pain? - The New York Times (gift article).

Fiber Fix: Gut Reaction to Chronic Inflammation

Recent research highlights the profound impact of diet on gut microbiome health and chronic inflammation. Diets rich in fiber and whole foods can reduce inflammation and prevent diseases like cancer and cardiovascular issues. Jennifer Wargo, an oncologist, emphasizes the importance of consuming 50 grams of fiber daily to manage inflammation. Mediterranean diets, rich in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats, have shown significant anti-inflammatory effects. Conversely, diets high in processed foods increase inflammation markers. Ultimately, dietary choices, particularly fiber intake, can act as medicine, enhancing disease prevention and treatment. What foods you really need to eat to reduce inflammation.

091 - Meta Heads, Embracing Solitude, and The Brain's Immunity Master Switch - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

The Brain's Immunity Master Switch

In a groundbreaking study, A body–brain circuit that regulates body inflammatory responses | Nature, researchers led by Charles Zuker at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute discovered that the brainstem plays a crucial role in controlling the immune system. This revelation challenges the long-held belief that immune regulation is solely within the immune system. Using advanced genetic techniques, the team identified specific brainstem neurons that, through the vagus nerve, can either boost or suppress inflammation. This finding opens new avenues for treating immune disorders by targeting this brain-immune axis, potentially transforming the approach to managing diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and toxic shock syndrome. Very exciting! Finding a Master Immune System Controller | HHMI(Thanks, Miriam!).

Siri-ous Competition

OpenAI's latest release, GPT-4o, showcased its advanced capabilities in a live demo, positioning it as a game-changer in natural human-computer interaction on iPhones. This new model demonstrated storytelling, visual understanding, and multilingual conversation interpretation, all within the updated ChatGPT app. The impressive features of GPT-4o signal a potential end for Siri and similar voice assistants, which lag in functionality and responsiveness. Major tech companies like Apple and Samsung are racing to integrate generative AI into their devices, highlighting software as the new frontier in smartphone innovation. This Is the Next Smartphone Evolution - The Atlantic.

Avo-lution

The United States of Avocado | TASTE explores the growing popularity of avocados in the United States, from their rising role as a baby's first food to their integration into various cuisines and cultural dishes. Avocados, celebrated for their nutritional benefits and mild flavor, have doubled consumption in the U.S. since 2001. The article also delves into the avocado industry's expansion, including direct-to-consumer models and the challenges of maintaining quality and affordability. Despite issues like the involvement of organized crime in Mexican avocado production, the fruit's global appeal continues to rise, influencing food trends and diets. (Thanks, Dave / NextDraft!).

Bite-Sized Triumphs

Breaking large goals into smaller, flexible subgoals can significantly enhance goal achievement, as confirmed by a recent study published in the Journal of Applied Psychology. The study involved over 9,000 volunteers from Crisis Text Line, revealing that those assigned weekly or biweekly subgoals volunteered 7-8% more hours than those with a broad annual target. This incremental approach mirrors techniques in language learning apps and savings programs, proving effective across various contexts by making daunting tasks feel more manageable and achievable over time. The Secret to Accomplishing Big Goals Lies in Breaking Them into Flexible, Bite-Size Chunks | Scientific American.

Meta Heads

The European Union has initiated an investigation into Facebook and Instagram over concerns about their addictive impact on children. This probe mirrors earlier inquiries into TikTok's influence on young users. Meta's platforms are being scrutinized for fostering excessive exposure to content about depression and unrealistic body images and for potentially allowing children under 13 to use their services. This investigation, led by EU's internal markets commissioner Thierry Breton, is part of the broader Digital Services Act enforcement, aiming to ensure safer online experiences for children. Meta Faces Fresh Probe Over 'Addictive' Effect on Kids | WIRED.

Weight and See

A four-year study on Wegovy (semaglutide) in Nature Medicine shows sustained weight loss in people with cardiovascular disease who are overweight or obese. Initial weight loss occurred in the first 65 weeks, plateauing after that but remaining stable for the study. The SELECT trial involved 17,604 participants and revealed an average weight reduction of 10.2% for those on Wegovy, compared to 1.5% for the placebo group. Despite limitations like demographic skew, the study supports Wegovy's use for long-term weight management in cardiovascular patients. Researchers now face questions about the drug's long-term usage and cost. Wegovy Can Keep Weight Off for at Least 4 Years, Research Shows | WIRED.

Embracing Solitude

We All Need Time Alone. Here's How to Embrace It (gift article) from The New York Times explores the importance of spending time alone and how to embrace it positively. Psychologists Robert Coplan and Thuyvy Nguyen explain that solitude, distinct from loneliness, offers emotional and physical benefits like stress reduction and increased creativity. They suggest practical tips for incorporating alone time into daily routines, such as tracking moods, engaging in personal hobbies, and setting boundaries with partners. The article encourages finding "micro-moments" of solitude at home or in public spaces to enhance well-being and maintain a healthy balance between solo and social time.

Plasticulture's Paradox

Plastic mulch revolutionizes agriculture by boosting crop yields, conserving water, and reducing pesticide use. However, it leaves behind massive amounts of waste at season's end. While economically and environmentally advantageous in some aspects, the thin, contaminated plastic is tough to recycle, often ending up in landfills or incinerators. Innovative solutions, like those from Revolution Sustainable Solutions, show promise in recycling agricultural plastics, but challenges remain. As biodegradable alternatives prove costly and inconsistent, the farm sector grapples with balancing efficiency and sustainability amidst growing plastic waste. Giant Heaps of Plastic Are Helping Vegetables Grow - The Atlantic

Mind Over Muscle

A study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals how exercise enhances brain health. When activated, muscles, rich in nerve cells, release compounds that boost cognitive function. Brain-muscle communication is crucial for producing proteins, mRNA, and hormones supporting neural growth. Regular exercise maintains these neural connections, promoting brain health. Researchers used a synthetic model to show that muscle stimulation increases brain-boosting substances' production. Although further research is needed to confirm these effects in humans, the findings highlight the profound link between physical activity and cognitive vitality. Why Exercise Is So Good For Our Brains According to A Wild New Study.

060 - CRISPR, Wellness Tech Warnings, and the Brain's Fountain of Youth - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

More on the Impact of AI on Science

More on how AI is revolutionizing science in the Economist: How scientists are using artificial intelligence (gift article) and Could AI transform science itself? (gift article).

CRISPR and the Microbiome

CRISPR pioneer and Nobel Prize winner Jennifer Doudna is focusing on the microbiome: Crispr Pioneer Jennifer Doudna Has the Guts to Take On the Microbiome | WIRED. I highly recommend Walter Isaacson's biography on Doudna: The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, Gene Editing, and the Future of the Human Race.

Big Tobacco Stains the Food Industry

"In a broader and much less restricting sense," an executive wrote, "R.J. Reynolds is in the flavor business." Although Big Tobacco is no longer in the food business, they left a terrible legacy: Many junk foods today were made and marketed by Big Tobacco - The Washington Post. (gift article)

Is Junk Food Addictive?

Recent studies suggest highly processed foods may have addictive qualities akin to drugs. Rats opt for sugar over cocaine, even enduring electric shocks for the sweet treat. Humans display similar behavior, consuming processed foods to the point of vomiting and diarrhea post-bariatric surgery. Daily snacking on these foods can rewire our brain's reward circuits, mirroring the cravings induced by cocaine. "In 2022, scientists published an opinion piece in the journal Addiction arguing that highly processed foods should be classified as addictive based on a 1988 Surgeon General report on tobacco products." Food Can Be Literally Addictive, New Evidence Suggests - Scientific American.

Healthy Diet Lowers Dementia Risk

Wapo had an article on the importance of diet in staving off dementia. Recent studies suggest the benefits occur even when started later in life: Eating heart-healthy foods also helps lower your dementia risk - The Washington Post. (gift article)

PANDA-monium: Infections Unmask Childhood Psychiatric Illnesses

Many doctors remain unaware PANDAS (Paediatric Autoimmune-Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus and its counterpart, PANS (Paediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome), or dismiss them as fictitious. This ignorance results in misdiagnoses, inappropriate treatments, and even parental accusations. Recent research suggests these disorders stem from an autoimmune reaction post-infection. The changing perception may have broader implications for understanding infections' roles in psychiatric conditions (for both children and adults), offering hope for early intervention and effective treatment. How common infections can spark psychiatric illnesses in children. (gift article)

Plasma, Platelets, and PF4: Searching for the Brain's Fountain of Youth

Groundbreaking research in mice may have revealed a key to rejuvenating aging brains. Neuroscientists have uncovered that platelets, specifically a group of molecules called Platelet Factor 4 (PF4), play a vital role in the age-reversal process. Three interventions—transfusions of young blood, the hormone klotho, and physical exercise—all harness PF4 to deliver their benefits to the brain. When 22-month-old mice were injected with young blood plasma or PF4, their cognitive age reversed dramatically. These findings, independently discovered by three research teams, offer new hope for combating age-related cognitive decline and unlocking the secrets of brain rejuvenation. Scientists uncover how young blood rejuvenates aging brains | BBC Science Focus Magazine.

Animal Communication Unveils Surprising Parallels to Human Language

Researchers are uncovering fascinating connections between animal communication and human language. For years, the belief in an unbridgeable gap between human language and animal communication prevailed. However, recent studies challenge this notion, revealing that various species possess intricate vocal learning abilities, from mice to dolphins. These findings suggest that language-related capacities may exist on a continuum across the animal kingdom. Scientists are now delving deeper into deciphering the meanings and intricacies of animal communication, shedding light on the evolution of language and our shared cognitive landscapes with other creatures. The Animals Are Talking. What Does It Mean? - The New York Times. (gift article)

+How AI is being leveraged to decode animal communication: Can We Talk to Whales? | The New Yorker and ‎Unexplainable: Can we talk to animals? on Apple Podcasts.

When the CIA, Artificial Intelligence, and Healthcare Collide

Palantir's Reputation Stalks Its Bid for the UK's National Health Data | WIRED is an interesting article about how Peter Thiel's big data analytics company (and surveillance government contractor), Palantir, is courting Britain's National Health Service for access to their data. What possibly could go wrong?

Big Tech Knows Your Most Intimate Health Details

Your most intimate health details have become data points in the digital realm. Tech giants, often unbeknownst to users, accumulate a treasure trove of personal health information through online interactions, from therapy sessions to fitness apps. Recent cases, like BetterHelp's data-sharing debacle, have exposed the extent of this information harvesting, raising concerns about privacy violations and potential harm. While some believe federal laws like HIPAA shield health data, the truth is more complicated. A fragmented regulatory landscape, limited enforcement resources, and the rapid evolution of technology call for comprehensive data privacy legislation to keep pace with the digital age. What Big Tech Knows About Your Body - The Atlantic.

Build a Real Music Collection

This author cites why she owns her music collection and eschews streaming: Want to Enjoy Music More? Stop Streaming It. - The New York Times. (gift article)

050 - Metformin for Long-Covid, Aging Gracefully, and Loneliness - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Metformin and Long Covid

A recent study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases reveals that metformin, a commonly used diabetes drug, may reduce the risk of developing long COVID by 41 percent for individuals who are overweight or have obesity. Long COVID, a condition characterized by persistent symptoms after a COVID-19 infection, has no approved treatment. The study's findings offer hope, but further research is needed to validate the results and explore how metformin prevents long COVID. Although the mechanism is unclear, unlike the authors, who opine that metformin may interfere with viral replication, I think a more likely explanation is that it modulates the immune system through its influence on the microbiome. A Common Diabetes Drug May Prevent Long COVID in Some People - Scientific American

Covid and the Introversion - Extroversion Dynamic

An interesting piece in WaPo about how Covid (permanently?) flipped the script in social dynamics: Opinion | The world has become more introverted. And I hate it. - The Washington Post (gift article)

How to Age Gracefully

A new study suggests that learning new skills can have significant cognitive benefits for older adults. The authors hypothesize that cognitive slowing as a senior is akin to the "summer slide" that schoolchildren experience (every year, teachers and parents observe how summer vacations lead some children's academic progress to backslide). What if the elderly experience a similar phenomenon? The research found that a three-month intervention program involving classes on various skills, such as singing, drawing, and language learning, improved participants' memory and attention. Surprisingly, the cognitive gains continued even after the program ended, with participants' abilities resembling those of individuals 30 years younger. Encouraging lifelong learning and creating enriched environments for older adults could enhance their cognitive skills and support healthy aging. To Stay Sharp as You Age, Learn New Skills - Scientific American

Consciousness Conundrum: Animal Awareness and Neural Correlates

Here is another story from the 26th meeting of the Association for the Scientific Study of Consciousness (mentioned last week). The article discusses the potential consciousness of vertebrates, cephalopods, and arthropods, with debates on their complex behaviors and brain structures. Additionally, the possibility of achieving conscious artificial intelligence and its ethical concerns were discussed. Thousands of species of animals probably have consciousness

How Susceptible are you to Misinformation?

A new test designed to measure susceptibility to misinformation reveals that younger Americans struggle more with identifying fake news than older generations. Researchers developed the "misinformation susceptibility test" (MIST) at the University of Cambridge in collaboration with YouGov. Participants were presented with authentic and AI-generated false headlines and had to differentiate between them. The study found that individuals who spent more time online and relied on social media platforms for news were more prone to falling for misinformation. Age and personality traits also played a role in susceptibility. While the test has some limitations, it underscores the importance of media literacy in navigating the information landscape. How Susceptible Are You to Misinformation? There's a Test You Can Take - Scientific American

Can Math and Physics Save an Arrhythmic Heart?

"Abnormal waves of electrical activity can cause a heart's muscle cells to beat out of sync."_ In Can Math and Physics Save an Arrhythmic Heart?, Flavio Fenton, an expert in cardiac dynamics, discusses ways to treat heart arrhythmias without resorting to painful defibrillators.

Weighing In: The Hidden Costs of Dieting

In the article Why You Don't Just Lose Fat When You're on a Diet Adam Collins explores the consequences of dieting beyond fat loss. While being in a calorie deficit helps shed weight, it also results in the loss of muscle mass. The depletion of glycogen stores leads to the release of water weight. Moreover, the body turns to metabolizing muscle tissue for energy, impacting metabolism and potentially causing weight regain. The article emphasizes the importance of exercise, protein intake, and sustainable lifestyle changes for maintaining muscle mass and preventing metabolic shifts during weight loss.

Ozempic: A Treatment for Addictive Behaviors?

This week, Scientific American published an article on a phenomenon I first mentioned in Newsletter 43. A surprising side effect of Ozempic, a diabetes drug that aids weight loss, has emerged: users report a reduction in cravings for addictive substances such as nicotine, alcohol, and gambling. Scientists are now investigating whether these weight-loss drugs, including Ozempic, can be used to treat addiction. Ozempic targets a hormone that regulates appetite and weakens the brain's Association between food and pleasure. Animal studies have shown promising results, but human trials are still limited. Researchers are initiating their studies to determine the safety and effectiveness of these drugs in addiction treatment. Could New Weight-Loss Drugs like Ozempic Treat Addiction? - Scientific American (Thanks Dave Pell, NextDraft)

The Epidemic of Loneliness

"Research has shown that a lonely brain is transformed. Neurotransmitters important for bonding and social connection go haywire. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, responsible for modulating stress, is hyperactive. The amygdala, which triggers our fight-or-flight response and helps process emotional reactions, is in overdrive: In previous studies, Dr. Cacioppo found that lonely people detect negative or threatening pictures and words in under 400 milliseconds. The neuroscience might explain the sadness that accompanies loneliness and the palpable sense of danger." The New York Times had an insightful piece on loneliness: Opinion | How to Treat Loneliness With Medicine. (gift article)

Psychedelics in the U.S. Defense Funding Bill

Lawmakers included funding in the National Defense Authorization Act to look at psychedelics' role in treating PTSD, depression, anxiety, and chronic pain. Psychedelics like MDMA play a part in US defense funding bill

043 - Brain Stimulation, Hacking Sleep, and Sad Music - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Falling

About 25% of adults 65 and older will fall each year. Falls lead to bodily injury that speeds up the need for nursing care and, in some cases, death. Balance declines with age, but exercise can help stave off some of the risks of falling has some practical advice on how to minimize the risk for yourself and your loved ones.

Ozempic: A New Treatment for Addiction?

The weight-loss drug Ozempic, also known as semaglutide, shows unexpected side effects in patients. Along with suppressing appetite, people taking Ozempic have reported losing interest in addictive and compulsive behaviors such as drinking, smoking, shopping, nail-biting, and even skin picking. Scientists are intrigued by these anecdotes and have been studying drugs similar to liraglutide for their potential to curb addiction. The drug affects the brain's reward circuitry, making it a potential anti-addiction medication. Could Ozempic Also Be an Anti-addiction Drug?

Sad Music: Seeking Connection, Not Sorrow

A new study explores why we are drawn to sad songs, suggesting that it's not about experiencing sadness but seeking a sense of connection. While some theories propose that specific musical elements trigger sadness, the study emphasizes cognitive mechanisms and empathy as key factors. The findings indicate that people value emotional expression over technical proficiency in music and that listening to sad songs provides a connection, making us feel less alone. Why Do We Listen to Sad Songs? A New Study Offers an Answer. (gift article)

Mindfulness and Meditation

How meditation can change your life and mind explores the potential benefits of meditation and its ability to bring positive changes to people's lives. While the hype around meditation often includes extravagant claims, research suggests that mindfulness meditation, in particular, can have a significant impact. It enhances awareness and attention, improves emotional regulation, reduces stress, and fosters prosocial behaviors. However, it's important to approach meditation with an experimental mindset and find a practice that aligns with individual goals. Meditation is a valuable mental health tool but should not replace conventional care.

Peter Attia Publishes a Book

One of my favorite podcasts is Peter Attia's Drive.. He has been making the rounds promoting his new book: Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity. The New York Times interviewed him, and I have to say, his intensity shined through: Want to Live Longer and Healthier? Peter Attia Has a Plan. (gift article)

Chronic Pain Linked to Orbitofrontal Cortex

A new, tiny study linked chronic pain to activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, an area involved in emotion regulation, self-evaluation, and decision-making. "The research suggests that such patterns of brain activity could serve as biomarkers to guide diagnosis and treatment for millions of people with shooting or burning chronic pain linked to a damaged nervous system." Although this article is intriguing, reader beware. Given the tiny sample size, it is hard to consider this finding much more than an intriguing idea. Much more research is needed. Chronic Pain Linked to Brain Signals in Orbitofrontal Cortex.

Hacking Sleep to Improve Creativity

Researchers at the MIT Media Lab and the Center for Sleep and Cognition have discovered that the first ten minutes of sleep, known as N1 sleep, can enhance creativity and problem-solving abilities. The study found that those who experienced N1 sleep and had their dreams incubated scored significantly higher in creativity tests than non-sleepers and those who only took naps. This research highlights the potential of N1 sleep for boosting creativity and finding innovative solutions. Harness the Creativity-Boosting Power of "N1" Sleep

Persistence Enhances Creativity

In the article Why We Get More Creative Over Time , the authors discuss the misconception that our creativity diminishes as we persist with a problem. Research shows that persistence is the key to generating more original ideas. Experiment participants consistently produced more creative ideas than they anticipated during subsequent attempts. The serial-order effect suggests that each successive idea will likely be better than the previous one. This pattern applies not only to individuals but also to companies and markets. The article challenges the myth of novelty and highlights the importance of persistence in achieving breakthroughs.

Ketamine vs. ECT for Depression in New England Journal

Electroconvulsive Therapy, for 80 years, has been considered the gold standard for refractory depression. Ketamine versus ECT for Nonpsychotic Treatment-Resistant Major Depression, published in New England Journal of Medicine demonstrates that ketamine may be a viable option to ECT. Ketamine Matches 'Gold Standard' in Major Depression Trial. More research is needed.

Electrifying the Mind: Rhythmic Brain Stimulation Enhances Cognitive Function

A meta-analysis suggests that tACS improves cognition in healthy, aging, and psychiatric populations is a recently published paper of over 100 studies on transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) reveals that rhythmically stimulating the brain with electrical currents can significantly boost cognitive function. By applying controlled currents to specific brain regions, tACS induces rhythmic brain activity, enhancing mental capabilities. The analysis suggests consistent and immediate improvements in mental function, particularly in executive function, attention, and memory. Furthermore, tACS proves effective in older adults and individuals with neuropsychiatric conditions. Rhythmically stimulating the brain with electrical currents could boost cognitive function, according to an analysis of over 100 studies.

Blood Types Ranked

Here is a quick overview of blood types and their frequency in the population: What Is the Rarest Blood Type in the World?

Conspiracy Detection Kit

Political races are heating up, and with them, various conspiracy theories. Here is a toolkit to help you determine what is real: 10 rules to tell if a conspiracy theory is true or false

028 - Immunometabolism, MusicLM, and Chatting with the Dead - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

How to Live to 100

Want to live to one hundred? Doing so combines luck, hard work, and a good social network: How do you live to be 100? Good genes, activity, and friends. (gift article)

Canine Healthspan and Longevity

I first mentioned scientists and start-ups trying to decode the aging process by studying dogs in 017 - Ganzflicker, Misinformation, Canine Cognition, and Happiness — HealthHippieMD. Here is another article, this time in National Geographic: Could dogs be our best hope to reverse aging in humans?

How Long Does it Take to Get Fit After an Exercise Hiatus?

How Long Does It Take to Get Fit Again? (gift article) has the answers and suggestions on how to slow decline when you take a break.

Extending the Functional Life of Immune Cells

An interesting article was published last week in Nature about scientist's success (in mice) in enhancing the functional life of T-cells-one of the body's front-line defenses against disease: Functional T cells are capable of supernumerary cell division and longevity "It's probably one of the most extraordinary papers in immunology that I've seen, easily in the past decade...." Read the summary article: The Case of the Incredibly Long-Lived Mouse Cells

Doctors and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

AI will have a profound impact on medicine. Doctors, Get Ready for Your AI Assistants | WIRED discusses a few ways AI will change medical practice.

Coffee

The Atlantic linked to many articles on my favorite beverage, coffee. Why Americans Love Coffee So Much

Generative AI for Music

Google has developed a generative AI (like ChatGPT and DALL-E) for music. You type the text for what you want to hear, and MusicLM generates music on the fly. The problem? Copyright. About 10% of MusicLMs songs would infringe on others' copyright. Nevertheless, I'd love to try this tech out. Google created an AI that can generate music from text descriptions, but won't release it

Microbes in Food Alter Cancer Defense

Food is medicine. Here is a brief overview of how the gut microbiome alters the immune system to fight or allow cancer growth: Microbes in your food can help or hinder your body's defenses against cancer – how diet influences the conflict between cell 'cooperators' and 'cheaters'

Rick Rubin on Creativity

It seems everywhere I look, I see the iconic music producer Rick Rubin. He was recently featured on 60 minutes. Here are some thoughts and excerpts from his upcoming book: Creative wisdom from Rick Rubin.

What you Eat and How you Feel

What you eat affects how you feel, mediated by the microbiome. Recent publications attempt to unravel the mechanism: The link between our food, gut microbiome, and depression (gift article) (Thanks, Jenny!)

How to Stop Ruminating

Are you stuck in a mind loop of worries that never seem to end? Here is some valuable advice from the New York Times: How to Stop Ruminating

"Chatting" with the Dead

The fast-moving development of chatbots like ChatGTP has accelerated the ambitious goal of having conversations with the dead: Founder: You'll Soon Be Able to Talk to Your Dead Mom In the Metaverse Thanks to ChatGPT ^

The Microbiome Could Be Contagious

A recent Nature study documented that individuals who spend time together share similar microbial species. The Human Microbiome Might Be Contagious, Scientists Say. The news clip made me think of this NEJM study that showed obesity was more common in groups of people that spend time together (like close friends and family): The Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years,

Ultra-Processed Food and Cognition

This article is an excellent overview of the effects of dietary choices on brain health: Ultra-processed foods – like cookies, chips, frozen meals, and fast food – may contribute to cognitive decline

Ultra-processed Food and Cancer

A recent study demonstrated that the higher one's intake of ultra-processed foods, the higher the cancer incidence. "For every 10 percent increase in ultra-processed food in a person's diet, there was an increased incidence of 2 percent for cancer overall, and a 19 percent increase for ovarian cancer specifically...." Ultra-processed foods may increase ovarian cancer risk, U.K. study warns. (gift article)

Are Some Foods Addictive?

Not only are ultra-processed foods bad for us, but it is also possible they are addictive: Are Some Foods Addictive? (gift article)

Immunometabolism

Lots of interesting articles on the role of food on health. This article in The Atlantic discusses recent findings of food's impact on immunity and infection: Someday, You Might Be Able to Eat Your Way Out of a Cold.

Remodeling the Brain

Psychedelics remodel the brain. That can be either good or bad: Psychedelics open your brain. You might not like what falls in.

Latest on Long Covid

Opinion | Three important studies shed light on long covid (gift article) opines on recent publications focused on Long Covid.

012 - Phages, Cravings, and Fasting for Cancer - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Helping Loved Ones Through a Medical Crisis

"...ask if they'd like you just to listen or if they need help with problem-solving. Then respect their answer." is often good advice when speaking with close friends or loved ones but is especially important if the person you care about is facing a severe medical crisis: How to help a loved one through a medical crisis

Phages

Medicine is struggling with more and more drug-resistant bacteria. A future without effective antibiotics is almost incomprehensible. The article, Viruses to Fight Superbugs, talks about the renewed interest in phage therapy. A friend (and phage researcher) gave me the book The Perfect Predator: A Scientist's Race to Save Her Husband from a Deadly Superbug. Adding the text to my queue.

Long-Covid and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Another article on how the symptoms of Long-Covid are influencing insight into another poorly understood disease, myalgic encephalomyelitis, or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Long COVID Has Forced the U.S. to Take Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Seriously

White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health

It has been 50 years since the American government showed a significant interest in nutrition. The White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health, took place on Wednesday and began with a statement by President Biden outlining their commitment before the meeting. Here is a commitment fact sheet released just before the conference: FACT SHEET: The Biden-Harris Administration Announces More Than $8 Billion in New Commitments as Part of Call to Action for White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health. The call to action is focused on five pillars:

• Pillar 1 – Improve Food Access and Affordability
• Pillar 2 – Integrate Nutrition and Health
• Pillar 3 – Empower Consumers to Make and Have Access to Healthy Choices
• Pillar 4 – Support Physical Activity for All
• Pillar 5 – Enhance Nutrition and Food Security Research I'm anxious to see what other recommendations emerge from this historic conference.

F.D.A. Changes Definition of Healthy Food

The F.D.A. is trying to catch up with nutrition science and limit the burden of diet-related diseases. On Wednesday, the F.D.A. announced a new proposal to change the criteria for which packaged foods may be labeled "healthy." See the news article, F.D.A. Moves to Change 'Healthy' Food Definition. It's exciting to see our government focus on food's important influence on health.

Fasting and Cancer

Here's another video in the fasting and cancer series at Nutrition Facts: Fasting-Mimicking Diet Before and After Chemotherapy

Online Atlas of The Microbiome and Their Metabolites

Our microbial passengers have co-evolved along with us. Under normal conditions, the microbiome works synergistically with human physiology and biochemistry to maintain physical and mental well-being. A recent study, An online atlas of human plasma metabolite signatures of gut microbiome composition, found strong links between certain bacteria living in the gut and small molecules found in the blood. Read the study here: Microbiome and Metabolite Links Uncovered Using Online Atlas. Thanks, Gary!

Why Does Exercise Stick?

Virtually everyone agrees that physical activity is essential for health. Yet less than 5% of us get the recommended 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week. The article How Hard Should Your Workout Be, looks at the factors that make a difference in maintaining an exercise habit.

The Season of Mindfulness and Resilience

If you are prone to Season Affective Disorder, Fall Is the Season for Building Mindfulness and Resilience - The New York Times has some good advice for you.

Cravings and the Addicted Brain

Humans crave all sorts of things, from substances (e.g., alcohol, nicotine, opiates ) to activities (e.g., gambling, sex, or social media). Substance addictions lend some insight into the nature of human craving. Why the pull of addictive cravings is so hard to resist has lots to say.

Quote of the Week

"You can't help what you feel, but you can help how you behave" ― Margaret Atwood.