091 - Meta Heads, Embracing Solitude, and The Brain's Immunity Master Switch - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

The Brain's Immunity Master Switch

In a groundbreaking study, A body–brain circuit that regulates body inflammatory responses | Nature, researchers led by Charles Zuker at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute discovered that the brainstem plays a crucial role in controlling the immune system. This revelation challenges the long-held belief that immune regulation is solely within the immune system. Using advanced genetic techniques, the team identified specific brainstem neurons that, through the vagus nerve, can either boost or suppress inflammation. This finding opens new avenues for treating immune disorders by targeting this brain-immune axis, potentially transforming the approach to managing diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and toxic shock syndrome. Very exciting! Finding a Master Immune System Controller | HHMI(Thanks, Miriam!).

Siri-ous Competition

OpenAI's latest release, GPT-4o, showcased its advanced capabilities in a live demo, positioning it as a game-changer in natural human-computer interaction on iPhones. This new model demonstrated storytelling, visual understanding, and multilingual conversation interpretation, all within the updated ChatGPT app. The impressive features of GPT-4o signal a potential end for Siri and similar voice assistants, which lag in functionality and responsiveness. Major tech companies like Apple and Samsung are racing to integrate generative AI into their devices, highlighting software as the new frontier in smartphone innovation. This Is the Next Smartphone Evolution - The Atlantic.

Avo-lution

The United States of Avocado | TASTE explores the growing popularity of avocados in the United States, from their rising role as a baby's first food to their integration into various cuisines and cultural dishes. Avocados, celebrated for their nutritional benefits and mild flavor, have doubled consumption in the U.S. since 2001. The article also delves into the avocado industry's expansion, including direct-to-consumer models and the challenges of maintaining quality and affordability. Despite issues like the involvement of organized crime in Mexican avocado production, the fruit's global appeal continues to rise, influencing food trends and diets. (Thanks, Dave / NextDraft!).

Bite-Sized Triumphs

Breaking large goals into smaller, flexible subgoals can significantly enhance goal achievement, as confirmed by a recent study published in the Journal of Applied Psychology. The study involved over 9,000 volunteers from Crisis Text Line, revealing that those assigned weekly or biweekly subgoals volunteered 7-8% more hours than those with a broad annual target. This incremental approach mirrors techniques in language learning apps and savings programs, proving effective across various contexts by making daunting tasks feel more manageable and achievable over time. The Secret to Accomplishing Big Goals Lies in Breaking Them into Flexible, Bite-Size Chunks | Scientific American.

Meta Heads

The European Union has initiated an investigation into Facebook and Instagram over concerns about their addictive impact on children. This probe mirrors earlier inquiries into TikTok's influence on young users. Meta's platforms are being scrutinized for fostering excessive exposure to content about depression and unrealistic body images and for potentially allowing children under 13 to use their services. This investigation, led by EU's internal markets commissioner Thierry Breton, is part of the broader Digital Services Act enforcement, aiming to ensure safer online experiences for children. Meta Faces Fresh Probe Over 'Addictive' Effect on Kids | WIRED.

Weight and See

A four-year study on Wegovy (semaglutide) in Nature Medicine shows sustained weight loss in people with cardiovascular disease who are overweight or obese. Initial weight loss occurred in the first 65 weeks, plateauing after that but remaining stable for the study. The SELECT trial involved 17,604 participants and revealed an average weight reduction of 10.2% for those on Wegovy, compared to 1.5% for the placebo group. Despite limitations like demographic skew, the study supports Wegovy's use for long-term weight management in cardiovascular patients. Researchers now face questions about the drug's long-term usage and cost. Wegovy Can Keep Weight Off for at Least 4 Years, Research Shows | WIRED.

Embracing Solitude

We All Need Time Alone. Here's How to Embrace It (gift article) from The New York Times explores the importance of spending time alone and how to embrace it positively. Psychologists Robert Coplan and Thuyvy Nguyen explain that solitude, distinct from loneliness, offers emotional and physical benefits like stress reduction and increased creativity. They suggest practical tips for incorporating alone time into daily routines, such as tracking moods, engaging in personal hobbies, and setting boundaries with partners. The article encourages finding "micro-moments" of solitude at home or in public spaces to enhance well-being and maintain a healthy balance between solo and social time.

Plasticulture's Paradox

Plastic mulch revolutionizes agriculture by boosting crop yields, conserving water, and reducing pesticide use. However, it leaves behind massive amounts of waste at season's end. While economically and environmentally advantageous in some aspects, the thin, contaminated plastic is tough to recycle, often ending up in landfills or incinerators. Innovative solutions, like those from Revolution Sustainable Solutions, show promise in recycling agricultural plastics, but challenges remain. As biodegradable alternatives prove costly and inconsistent, the farm sector grapples with balancing efficiency and sustainability amidst growing plastic waste. Giant Heaps of Plastic Are Helping Vegetables Grow - The Atlantic

Mind Over Muscle

A study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals how exercise enhances brain health. When activated, muscles, rich in nerve cells, release compounds that boost cognitive function. Brain-muscle communication is crucial for producing proteins, mRNA, and hormones supporting neural growth. Regular exercise maintains these neural connections, promoting brain health. Researchers used a synthetic model to show that muscle stimulation increases brain-boosting substances' production. Although further research is needed to confirm these effects in humans, the findings highlight the profound link between physical activity and cognitive vitality. Why Exercise Is So Good For Our Brains According to A Wild New Study.

076 - Waves of Death, Blood Revelations, and Gen Z - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Scratching the Surface

As if the global pandemic wasn't enough, a surge in scabies cases has raised concerns due to a shortage of treatments. Scabies, a contagious skin condition caused by mites, is spreading rapidly, exacerbated by winter gatherings and treatment shortages. This resurgence is part of a global trend of rising scabies cases fueled by treatment failure and stigma. Scabies mites reproduce under the skin until treated, making eradication difficult. The main treatments, permethrin and malathion, are becoming less effective, with a failure rate of up to 30%. Researchers urge more rigorous surveillance and consideration of alternative treatments. Scabies Is Making a Comeback | WIRED.

Memory Miracles? The Multivitamin Mystery

New research reveals a potential connection between daily multivitamin consumption and improved cognitive function in older adults. A study involving participants aged 60 and above demonstrated that those taking a multivitamin for two years performed better on memory and cognitive tests than on a placebo. While this finding suggests the potential benefits of multivitamins for cognitive health, experts caution that the improvements observed were relatively modest and may not significantly impact daily life. The study's design and methodology have been praised, but further research is needed to determine who may truly benefit from multivitamin supplementation. What We Know About Multivitamins and Memory - The New York Times. (gift article).

Memory Boosting

Here are some helpful ways to maintain your brain health in your 30s, 40s, 50s, and beyond....How To Boost Your Memory.

Neuroscientists Surf the 'Wave of Death' to Reveal Brain's Last Moments

Neuroscientists have made a groundbreaking discovery, identifying the source of the mysterious "wave of death" that emerges at the end of consciousness. Their research, based on experiments with rats, challenges conventional notions of death and offers new insights into the brain's response to oxygen deprivation. This finding could pave the way for novel therapies and treatments, shedding light on the brain's complex journey from life to death. Neuroscientists Discover Source of 'Wave of Death' at End of Consciousness.

Beyond Physics: Einstein's Rules for a Better Life

Albert Einstein, the renowned physicist, offered more than just groundbreaking scientific discoveries; he also imparted valuable life lessons. From his unkempt appearance to his unconventional behavior, Einstein's unique approach to life had wisdom hidden within. From his letters, correspondence, and the personal accounts of those with whom he interacted, a fascinating set of rules for life can be gleaned. Here are some of his best:

1. Expend your efforts on the things that matter.
2. Do things you love, even if you're terrible at them.
3. Have a puzzle mindset.
4. Think deeply about things that fascinate you.
5. Don't let politics fill you with rage or despair.
6. Blind obedience to authority is the greatest enemy of the truth.
7. Science, truth, and education are for everyone, not just the privileged few. Einstein's advice transcends physics and is as relevant today as ever, offering insights on how to live a more fulfilling life. Einstein's seven rules for a better life.

The Vitamin D Dilemma

The Rise and Fall of Vitamin D traces the intriguing journey of vitamin D from its recognition as a cure for rickets to its elevation as a potential panacea for various health issues, including cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. The article highlights how the initial excitement and widespread belief in vitamin D's miraculous properties led to a surge in supplements and testing. However, subsequent scientific trials failed to confirm these lofty claims, revealing a complex relationship between vitamin D and health. The article explores the confusion surrounding vitamin D deficiency thresholds and emphasizes the importance of cautious supplementation. Despite the setbacks, ongoing research suggests that vitamin D may still have a role in certain health conditions, leaving the story of this essential nutrient open-ended and filled with lessons about scientific humility and evolving knowledge.

Blood Revelations: Long Covid

In a groundbreaking discovery, scientists have identified potential signals of long COVID within the bloodstream. These signals are linked to protein changes associated with the complement system, a key immune system component responsible for clearing microbes and cellular debris. While the findings do not definitively establish a causal relationship, they offer a promising avenue for treatment development. Long COVID remains a challenging condition with no effective therapies, making this research crucial in the quest to address the lingering effects of the virus. The complement system's role in this context sheds light on its significance in immune responses and potential treatment pathways. Scientists are finding signals of Long COVID in blood. They could lead to new treatments. | MIT Technology Review.

Economist's Nature Accounting Sheds Light on Environmental Economics

One of my childhood friends, Stanford's economist Gretchen Daily, and the Natural Capital Project are leading the way in environmental economics. Through projects like assisting the Colombian government in conserving the Caribbean Gulf of Morrosquillo, Daily's team uses innovative tools like InVEST to determine the economic impact of nature preservation. They calculate the actual cost of environmental degradation and the value of maintaining forests, providing communities with measurable economic incentives to protect their vital ecosystems. Daily's Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) index, akin to GDP, is gaining global recognition, offering a monetary measure of ecological systems' worth. This pioneering work aims to revolutionize the world's approach to nature conservation. Meet the economist who wants the field to account for nature | MIT Technology Review.

Gen Z: Crafting Lives, Not Just Careers

Amid the challenges of the pandemic, Gen Z individuals born between 1997 and 2012 are navigating their path to adulthood. This generation, facing a significant mental health crisis, seeks a deeper connection with their work and life. Harvard University researchers found that Gen Z yearns for authenticity, aiming to engage in work they are passionate about, foster meaningful relationships, and openly express their identities. Unlike previous generations, they question the traditional pursuit of the American dream, valuing self-actualization, work-life balance, social inclusion, and political engagement. Employers must adapt to these demands by promoting recognition, diversity, and a therapeutic work culture to attract and retain Gen Z talent. Gen Z and the Art of Incentivized Self-Actualization | WIRED.

052 - Genetic Judo, Young Blood, and Gray Hair - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Age is Just a Number

As seniors face complex health decisions, age alone may not be the best guide. Medical associations and health groups are shifting to consider life expectancy when recommending screenings and treatments. With the average life expectancy of a 75-year-old being 12 years, online tools like the "Know Your Chances" calculator can estimate mortality and disability risks, providing valuable context beyond age. By incorporating factors like smoking history and health status, patients can make more informed decisions about their healthcare, ultimately improving outcomes and avoiding unnecessary treatments. A Number That Should Guide Your Health Choices (It's Not Your Age) - The New York Times (gift article)

Immune System Influences Behavior

A recent study found the immune system (at least in mice) plays a role in altering our behaviors, especially in response to allergic triggers. "We find immune recognition controls behavior, specifically defensive behaviors against toxins that are communicated first through antibodies and then to our brains." Our Immune System May Help Guide Behavior

Humata.AI: ChatGPT to Query Academic Manuscripts

If you rely on academic publications for your work, prepare to have your mind blown. With Humata.AI,, after uploading a pdf of a manuscript, you can ask questions about the content or ask questions about a folder full of articles in aggregate. It worked incredibly well in the manuscripts I tried. My only complaint about this nascent tool was the limited ways to interact with the content, but I'm sure features will expand as the tool matures. Humata.ai worked much better in my experimentation than another tool I tried, Liquidtext. I suspect the field will get increasingly crowded with science-aware chatbots. Humata.AI is free for the first 60 pages of content, $15/month for more.

Using ChatGPT to Improve Your Writing

Large Language Models, like ChatGPT, are helpful in various ways for writing. Here are some ideas: 5 Ways ChatGPT Can Improve, Not Replace, Your Writing +And here is an article about using ChatGPT in medical diagnosis: A Mystery in the E.R.? Ask Dr. Chatbot for a Diagnosis.

Yo-Yo Diet Industry's Latest Spin

The weight loss industry is witnessing a new wave of reinvention as Americans continue their yo-yo relationship with dieting. Diet apps like Noom and WW (formally WeightWatchers) are now adopting a psychological approach to weight loss, emphasizing self-acceptance and joyful movement. Recently, Noom and WeightWatchers have integrated GLP-1 obesity drugs like Ozempic into their services, acknowledging that medications can be crucial in achieving good health for many. This shift reflects the desire to lose weight, though the approach has evolved from moralizing to a more attainable, value-neutral goal. The Diet Industry Is Pivoting to Ozempic

Unraveling the Mystery Behind Graying Hair

Gray hair is a visible example of how genetics and aging interact. Hair gets its color from melanin, a natural pigment produced by melanocytes. As we age, stem cell melanocytes can become trapped, leading to gray hair. Stress may also play a role in graying. While there's no reliable way to prevent or reverse gray hair, recent research suggests some intriguing possibilities. Why Does Our Hair Turn Gray? The Science of Aging Hair, Explained

Health System Monopolies

The NY Times published an opinion piece on healthcare monopolies: Opinion | The Ridiculous Medical Bill Brought to You by the Latest Hospital Merger - The New York Times (gift article). Hospital mergers and consolidations have created monopolies in the healthcare system, leading to decreased patient choice, rising prices, and limited innovation. The Biden administration has attempted to address the issue with antitrust activity, but hospital mergers have proven harder to curb compared to other industries. The Federal Trade Commission faces challenges blocking hospital mergers due to lengthy analysis and limited resources. Vertical mergers, where extensive hospital systems acquire smaller ones or doctors' practices, further exacerbate price increases. States are now considering price regulation as a possible solution to rein in the power of giant health systems.

Learning on Vacation

In this article, Arthur C. Brooks explores a vacation model often overlooked—turning leisure into learning. Research suggests that pursuing intrinsic interests and learning something new enhances well-being, even if it involves some sacrifice. By focusing on activities that captivate our curiosity, like taking a class or engaging in a guided retreat, vacations can be transformed into rewarding and content-filled experiences. So, instead of conventional models, consider turning your time off into an opportunity for personal growth and happiness. How to Have Your Most Fulfilling Vacation Ever

Young Blood Slows Aging (in Mice)

In a groundbreaking study, scientists extended the lifespans of older mice by connecting their blood vessels to younger mice, resulting in a 6 to 9 percent longer life for elderly rodents. Though not an anti-aging treatment for humans, the research suggests that compounds present in the blood of young mice may promote longevity. The experiment involved parabiosis, joining the animals together for an extended period, and upon separation, the aging process of the older mice appeared to have reversed, making them biologically "younger." Blood of Young Mice Extends Life in the Old - The New York Times (gift article)

Genetic Judo

"It's very cool. It turns something the cancer cell needs to stay alive into something that kills it, like changing your vitamin into a poison." Scientists at Stanford have developed a novel molecule that could potentially lead to groundbreaking cancer drugs. The molecule links cancer-driving proteins to cell-death genes, effectively turning the molecules promoting deadly growth into self-destruction triggers. In lab experiments, this dumbbell-shaped molecule was successful in activating cell-death genes in a blood cancer, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Flipping a Switch and Making Cancers Self-Destruct - The New York Times (gift article)

045 - Dying Brains, Frenemies, and the Physiology of Hangry - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Flavanols Combat Memory Loss in Aging Adults

A new study reveals that flavanols, nutrients found in select fruits and vegetables, are crucial in mitigating age-related memory decline. The research demonstrates a positive correlation between flavanol intake and memory test scores among older adults. Notably, individuals over 60 with low-flavanol diets experienced significant memory improvement after reintroducing these dietary components. This study supports the emerging understanding that specific nutrients are essential for maintaining optimal brain health as we age. By highlighting the power of flavanols, the research offers potential avenues for improving cognitive function in older adults and underscores the importance of a flavanol-rich diet or supplements. Memory Boosting Power of Flavanols in Aging Adults

Gut Check

Scientists have discovered the mechanism behind how chronic stress can lead to gut inflammation. Signals originating in the brain reach gut nerve cells, triggering the release of inflammatory chemicals. The study, The enteric nervous system relays psychological stress to intestinal inflammation glucocorticoids act on gut neurons and glial cells, which then activate immune cells. These immune cells release molecules that cause painful bowel inflammation. The findings suggest that managing stress levels could significantly impact the effectiveness of treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The research opens possibilities for targeting the brain-to-gut signaling pathway for new therapies. Chronic stress can inflame the gut — now scientists know why

Frenemies Take a Toll

According to psychologists, ambivalent relationships, known as frenemies, which combine positive and negative aspects, can be more detrimental to health than purely negative relationships. Research reveals that interacting with individuals who evoke mixed feelings can raise blood pressure and lead to negative physical symptoms. Even a single ambivalent interaction can have adverse effects on well-being. Unpredictability increases pain from unpleasant interactions, and rumination contributes to the negative impact of such relationships. Recognizing the harmful effects of frenemies is important for maintaining overall health and well-being. Opinion | Ambivalent Relationships May Be Hazardous to Your Health. (gift article)

The Neuroscience of Hangry

Neuroscientists have discovered a cluster of cells called AgRP neurons that stimulate appetite and play a vital role in the infamous "hangry" feeling. These cells near the brain's blood supply receive signals from the stomach and fat tissue, influencing our hunger levels. By manipulating AgRP neuron activity in mice, researchers have identified how they trigger food-seeking behavior and respond to the presence of nutrients. This breakthrough could lead to new therapies for eating disorders like anorexia and overeating. By understanding and controlling the hangry feeling, scientists hope to revolutionize our ability to manage our diets effectively. Neuroscientists May Have Found the Part of Your Brain That Makes You Hangry

Electrical Activity Surges in the Dying Brain

A new study reveals that dying brains experience a surge of electrical activity, challenging the assumption that brain activity decreases during dying. Researchers monitored four comatose patients who died in a neurointensive care unit and observed a surge of neurophysiological activity in regions associated with conscious processing. This surge included increased synchronization and connectivity between different brain regions. While the study doesn't directly explain near-death experiences, it suggests that the observed brain activity pattern may contribute to the vivid perceptions reported during such experiences, prompting further investigation into the nature of human consciousness. Scientists monitored four dying patients' brains. Here's what they saw . In the late 2000s, David Auyong and I observed the same phenomenon while on call: Processed electroencephalogram during donation after cardiac death.

Biochemistry of Psychedelics, BDNF, and Neuroplasticity

Psychedelics promote plasticity by directly binding to BDNF receptor TrkB | Nature Neuroscience reveals that LSD and magic mushrooms dramatically rewire the brain, offering new possibilities for treating depression. The research conducted by an international team of scientists from the University of Helsinki shows that, at least in a test tube, these psychedelics bind to a protein called receptor tyrosine kinase beta (TrkB), which activates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF plays a crucial role in neuron growth and development. This discovery paved the way for developing safer and more effective treatments for mental health disorders. LSD and Magic Mushrooms Dramatically Rewire the Brain, New Study Reveals.

AIHits (Generative AI Music and Podcasts)

"What makes pop work is that it's always changing and always responding. This is just a feedback loop between systems." AI is having a profound effect on artistic expression in music. Now there's a website to listen to. AI Could Usher in a New Era of Music. Will It Suck?

+The Generative AI gold rush is on in the podcasting space, too, as if the genre wasn't already overcrowded: Generative AI Podcasts Are Here. Prepare to Be Bored.

The Evolutionary Significance of Dreaming

"REM [sleep] has been crucial to human creativity."The evolutionary significance of dreaming is an interesting video on BigThink.

External Stressors Affect Cancer Mortality

Surprise, surprise! Higher allostatic load, a quantitive measure of the cumulative physiological damage from stress, is associated with worse cancer outcomes: Evidence Emerges Showing External Stressors Adversely Affect Cancer Outcomes

Sucralose-Genotoxic?

At least in test tubes, new evidence shows that Sucralose (Splenda) can disrupt DNA. "It's time to revisit the safety and regulatory status of sucralose because the evidence is mounting that it carries significant risks." Sucralose Damages DNA, Linked to Leaky Gut: Study (thanks, Diana!)

034 - Social Anxiety, Beethoven's DNA, and Tattoos - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

New Year's Anti-Resolutions and To-Don't Lists

"when you don't know the right way forward, you might succeed by focusing on what you know to be wrong instead." I learned quite a bit from Your bad attitude can make you happier.

Galentine's Day-Dinner with Strangers

The Radical Act of Eating With Strangers was an interesting article about friendship and social connection. I wonder how it might work here in North Carolina. (I ran out of gift articles)

How to Combat Loneliness

An article from Harvard Health with suggestions to combat loneliness: 3 ways to create community and counter loneliness

Social Anxiety - Fear of Failing

What is the neuroscience behind social anxiety, an affliction that affects 40 million people in the U.S.? Fear of Failing: The Secrets Behind Social Anxiety

Steven Pinker Interview

Steven Pinker is an influential cognitive psychologist and author. In the interview, The ultimate guide to rationality, , he touches on "topics such as human progress, the tragedy of the commons, Bayesian reasoning, and strategies to curb our most destructive instincts, with the ultimate goal of improving the world for everyone."

Tattoos and Immunity

The skin is the body's first line of defense. For thousands of years, humans have been decorating their bodies with tattoos. Scientists still aren't sure what happens to our immune system when we receive one.Tattoos do odd things to the immune system

Foods that Fight Inflammation

Here is a brief but informative article from Harvard on anti-inflammatory foods: Foods that fight inflammation

GPT-4 AI Scores 85% on USMLE

Microsoft released a paper this week that showed that the latest GPT model could pass the USMLE: GPT-4 on Medical Challenge Problems - Microsoft Research. +Eric Topal breaks down the implications of AI for medicine: Multimodal AI for medicine, simplified - by Eric Topol

Intelligence and (un)Happiness

"Your intelligence is more likely to bring you happiness if you put it to use by chasing better ways to love and serve others rather than elbowing others aside and hoarding worldly rewards." Another interesting article in the Atlantic's How to Build a Life: Intelligence Is More Than a Tool to Get Ahead

Defining "Life" and "Death."

Technology forces us to reexamine what we consider alive and dead. The ideas are far-reaching, including law, medicine, ethics, and morality. Another thought-provoking article in Wired: The End of 'Life' As You Know It

Applying Scarcity to Gym Membership

Years ago, Robert Cialdini wrote a classic book on sales techniques: Influence, New and Expanded: The Psychology of Persuasion. The rise of pricey, application-only gyms is an exemplar of Cialdini's principles: The Rise of Exclusive, Application-Only Gym Memberships (gift article)

Animal Personality and Scientific Results

Here is an interesting article questioning whether animal personality might alter scientific results. Animal Personalities Can Trip Up Science, But There's a Solution

Cancer and Circadian Rhythm

A study published in Trends in Cell Biology reviewed the influence of circadian rhythms on cancer biology. "The circadian rhythm governs most of the cellular functions implicated in cancer progression, and its exploitation, therefore, opens new promising directions in the fight against metastasis. In this review, we summarize the role of the circadian rhythm in tumor development and progression, with emphasis on the circadian rhythm-regulated elements that control the generation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and metastasis. We then present data on chronotherapy and discuss how circadian rhythm investigations may open new paths to more effective anticancer treatments." A new time dimension in the fight against metastasis

Beethoven's DNA

An article on how sleuths tracked down and analyzed strands of Beethoven's hair. The findings are fascinating: DNA From Beethoven's Hair Unlocks Medical and Family Secrets (gift article) and Beethoven's Genome Has Been Sequenced for the First Time, Revealing Clues About the Great Composer's Health & Family History

Meat Lobbies

Here is an article on how the meat industry changed the proposed recommendations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report. I learned quite a bit from the article, including that the global beef industry is estimated at around $400 billion and that meat and dairy produce about 14.5% of global greenhouse emissions. The meat industry got the IPCC to edit a climate change report

Using Google Maps to Plan your Vacation

I'm going to try this: How To Use Google Maps Immersive View To Vacation Plan Like a Pro

Who is Most at Risk for Long-Covid?

A meta-analysis revealed the risk factors for long-covid: being female, obese, over 40, a smoker, and having previous medical conditions. Who Is Most At Risk for Long Covid? (gift article)

030 - Hard Dew, Endocannabinoids, and Thinking Like a Monk - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

ChatGPT Writes Obituaries Too

This author experimented with ChatGPT, having it write her eulogy: I Had An AI Chatbot Write My Eulogy. It Was Very Weird Although I found the concept of the article interesting, the author lost me with the last paragraph, "Regardless of how advanced these tools become, one thing should now be obvious: their well-documented biases and flawed decision-making abilities mean they should never be used to do anything of consequence." Totally disagree!

ChatGPT and Science

Are you using generative AI to generate research ideas and scholarly publications? It's already possible: "...a chatbot was deemed capable of generating quality academic research ideas." Why ChatGPT Could Usher in a New Era of Scientific Discovery

Tim Urban Writes a Book

I'm rarely excited by an upcoming book. But Tim Urban, the creative force behind Wait But Why (one of my favorite websites), is publishing a book this week (Amazon | Apple). In his latest blog post, A Short History of My Last Six Years — Wait But Why, he explains the six-year journey examining our society. "This book is my best crack at explaining what I think is an existential risk to liberal societies and what I think we need to do to get to that awesome future I used to be so excited about."

ME/CFS and the Microbiome

I've written about how Long Covid has ignited interest in a long-time ignored and misunderstood medical condition, ME/CFS. The NIH Director's blog mentioned recent clues to the disease in the microbiome: "... suggesting that imbalances in certain bacterial species inhabiting the gut could be used as measurable biomarkers to aid in the accurate and timely diagnosis of ME/CFS. It also points to a possible therapeutic target to explore."_ More Clues into ME/CFS Discovered in Gut Microbiome – NIH Director's Blog

Vibrating Pills for Constipation

Here is a new, FDA-approved medical device for the drug-free treatment of constipation: Vibrating Pill for Constipation Now Available This adds a whole new meaning to moving your bowels.....

You are not Your Attachment Style

I love the book Attached.. Here is an interesting article that offers an overview of Attachment Theory and some of the more common misperceptions: You Can Change Your Attachment Style

Friendship

The Atlantic curated a series of articles on enduring friendship: Why We Lose Our Friends as We Age - The Atlantic (subscription required)

Relationships and Serious Disease

Being diagnosed with a severe illness is challenging enough. But medical issues also can have a devastating effect on relationships/marriages: Why Men Leave Sick Wives - Facing Illness Alone

Optimism and Pessimism

"_Optimism and pessimism, it turns out, are all about the stories we tell ourselves after both our successes and our failures._" Are You (Still) an Optimist? These Questions Might Help Explain Why (gift article)

Six Steps to Improve Your Mood for Good

An academic happiness researcher advises on improving your life: The Key to Happiness: 6 Strategies To Boost Your Mood for Good

Asthma Drug Recovers "Lost" Memories (Pre-Clinical)

A side effect of sleep deprivation is amnesia, but whether memory loss is a storage or retrieval problem has been unclear. These scientists are zeroing in on the answer: "This study shows that neurons in the hippocampus retain the memories, albeit in an inaccessible state, but that they can be rescued artificially." Asthma drug brings back "lost" memories

Ultra-processed Foods and Obesity

Wired had a great overview of the impact of ultra-processed foods on body weight. "The results of the study surprised Hall. On the ultra-processed diet, people ate around 500 extra calories daily and weighed about two pounds more pounds." Fat, Sugar, Salt ... You’ve Been Thinking About Food All Wrong

Endocannabinoids and Health

Just like opiates, your body produces endogenous compounds that bind to the same receptors as compounds in marijuana. Research on endocannabinoids lags far behind opiates, but research has shown "An imbalance in the production of endocannabinoids, or in the body's responsiveness to them, can lead to major clinical disorders, including obesity as well as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases." People produce endocannabinoids – similar to compounds found in marijuana – that are critical to many bodily functions is a nice overview. For more on endocannabinoids, see: Why does running give you a high? A look at the science and Cannabinoids - HealthHippieMD

The Brain and the Immune Response

Nature had an excellent overview of efforts to unravel further how the brain affects immune function: Your brain could be controlling how sick you get — and how you recover (subscription required)

The Dark Side of Ketamine Telemedicine

Covid influenced many changes in medicine. One of those changes was a loosening of regulations surrounding the remote prescription of controlled substances. A Fraught New Frontier in Telehealth: Ketamine (gift article) talks about the dark side of the remote prescription trend.

The Book of Blue Zones

The Economist had an interesting article on Blue Zones, an area of the world with a disproportionate share of centenarians: Christian Californians may have a solution to America's obesity | The Economist (subscription required)

Hard Dew

I had no idea about the roots of Mountain Dew. I had no idea Mountain Dew was a nickname for moonshine. Why PepsiCo's and Coca-Cola's Alcohol Drinks Worry Health Experts (gift article) discusses the worrisome trend of "hardening" traditional soft drinks. Next up, marijuana tinged soft-drinks.....

Think Like A Monk

In addition to Tim Urban's book, I've started reading Think Like a Monk by Jay Shetty. I'm about three chapters in and enjoying the material. Highly recommended! (Thanks, Sandy!)

028 - Immunometabolism, MusicLM, and Chatting with the Dead - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

How to Live to 100

Want to live to one hundred? Doing so combines luck, hard work, and a good social network: How do you live to be 100? Good genes, activity, and friends. (gift article)

Canine Healthspan and Longevity

I first mentioned scientists and start-ups trying to decode the aging process by studying dogs in 017 - Ganzflicker, Misinformation, Canine Cognition, and Happiness — HealthHippieMD. Here is another article, this time in National Geographic: Could dogs be our best hope to reverse aging in humans?

How Long Does it Take to Get Fit After an Exercise Hiatus?

How Long Does It Take to Get Fit Again? (gift article) has the answers and suggestions on how to slow decline when you take a break.

Extending the Functional Life of Immune Cells

An interesting article was published last week in Nature about scientist's success (in mice) in enhancing the functional life of T-cells-one of the body's front-line defenses against disease: Functional T cells are capable of supernumerary cell division and longevity "It's probably one of the most extraordinary papers in immunology that I've seen, easily in the past decade...." Read the summary article: The Case of the Incredibly Long-Lived Mouse Cells

Doctors and Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

AI will have a profound impact on medicine. Doctors, Get Ready for Your AI Assistants | WIRED discusses a few ways AI will change medical practice.

Coffee

The Atlantic linked to many articles on my favorite beverage, coffee. Why Americans Love Coffee So Much

Generative AI for Music

Google has developed a generative AI (like ChatGPT and DALL-E) for music. You type the text for what you want to hear, and MusicLM generates music on the fly. The problem? Copyright. About 10% of MusicLMs songs would infringe on others' copyright. Nevertheless, I'd love to try this tech out. Google created an AI that can generate music from text descriptions, but won't release it

Microbes in Food Alter Cancer Defense

Food is medicine. Here is a brief overview of how the gut microbiome alters the immune system to fight or allow cancer growth: Microbes in your food can help or hinder your body's defenses against cancer – how diet influences the conflict between cell 'cooperators' and 'cheaters'

Rick Rubin on Creativity

It seems everywhere I look, I see the iconic music producer Rick Rubin. He was recently featured on 60 minutes. Here are some thoughts and excerpts from his upcoming book: Creative wisdom from Rick Rubin.

What you Eat and How you Feel

What you eat affects how you feel, mediated by the microbiome. Recent publications attempt to unravel the mechanism: The link between our food, gut microbiome, and depression (gift article) (Thanks, Jenny!)

How to Stop Ruminating

Are you stuck in a mind loop of worries that never seem to end? Here is some valuable advice from the New York Times: How to Stop Ruminating

"Chatting" with the Dead

The fast-moving development of chatbots like ChatGTP has accelerated the ambitious goal of having conversations with the dead: Founder: You'll Soon Be Able to Talk to Your Dead Mom In the Metaverse Thanks to ChatGPT ^

The Microbiome Could Be Contagious

A recent Nature study documented that individuals who spend time together share similar microbial species. The Human Microbiome Might Be Contagious, Scientists Say. The news clip made me think of this NEJM study that showed obesity was more common in groups of people that spend time together (like close friends and family): The Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years,

Ultra-Processed Food and Cognition

This article is an excellent overview of the effects of dietary choices on brain health: Ultra-processed foods – like cookies, chips, frozen meals, and fast food – may contribute to cognitive decline

Ultra-processed Food and Cancer

A recent study demonstrated that the higher one's intake of ultra-processed foods, the higher the cancer incidence. "For every 10 percent increase in ultra-processed food in a person's diet, there was an increased incidence of 2 percent for cancer overall, and a 19 percent increase for ovarian cancer specifically...." Ultra-processed foods may increase ovarian cancer risk, U.K. study warns. (gift article)

Are Some Foods Addictive?

Not only are ultra-processed foods bad for us, but it is also possible they are addictive: Are Some Foods Addictive? (gift article)

Immunometabolism

Lots of interesting articles on the role of food on health. This article in The Atlantic discusses recent findings of food's impact on immunity and infection: Someday, You Might Be Able to Eat Your Way Out of a Cold.

Remodeling the Brain

Psychedelics remodel the brain. That can be either good or bad: Psychedelics open your brain. You might not like what falls in.

Latest on Long Covid

Opinion | Three important studies shed light on long covid (gift article) opines on recent publications focused on Long Covid.

025 - Chronobiology, Anticipation, Cancer Dietary Choices - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

One Question to Boost Your Longevity and Well-being

Having something to look forward to has many health benefits: Asking yourself one fun question could help boost your well-being and longevity.

A Simple Dietary Swap to Improve Health

The new year is a time to examine our habits. If you've resolved to improve your diet, here is a simple yet effective way to improve the quality of your food: For weight loss, replace processed foods with healthy, fiber-rich carbs. (gift article)

Chrononutrition

Another article from WaPo on why you should front-load your calories early in the day: Why timing big meals early in the day is better for your health. (gift article)

Chronobiology and Chronotherapy

Scientists are slowly learning the importance of timing of oral medications: Timing matters for medications – your circadian rhythm influences how well treatments work and how much they might harm you. Yet, the FDA recognizes the importance of timing in only a few medications: Dosing time matters | Science.

New Study Demonstrates Association between Healthy Eating and Reduced Mortality

JAMA published a study demonstrating the association between healthy eating and decreased mortality this week. Although the investigation suffers from the traditional caveats of nutrition research (food diaries, etc.), it differentiates itself by the size of the cohort and the length of follow-up (36 years). Healthy Eating Patterns and Risk of Total and Cause-Specific Mortality.

The Psychology of Procrastination

If one of your resolutions is to procrastinate less, here is an article to help you understand how to overcome inertia: What causes your brain to procrastinate and how to face it. (gift article). One of my favorite internet sites, Wait but Why, also has a series on procrastination:

• Why Procrastinators Procrastinate — Wait But Why
• How to Beat Procrastination — Wait But Why
• The Procrastination Matrix — Wait But Why^a26c07

ZOE Nutrition

Tim Spector founded a personalized nutrition company and wants you to know why: Go with your gut: scientist Tim Spector on why food is not just fuel. The test is a bit expensive but is likely a harbinger of nutritional trends to come.

The Daily Habits of Happiness Experts

The people that study happiness have some valuable habits we can all learn from The Daily Habits of Happiness Experts.

England Bans Single-Use Cutlery

In an attempt to reduce pollution, England has banned single-use items such as plastic cutlery, plates, and trays. England Will Ban Single-Use Cutlery and Plates.

Scientific Stagnation

This year, a new study, Papers and patents are becoming less disruptive over time, reported any given paper today is much less likely to become influential than a paper in the same field from several decades ago. Science Has a Crummy-Paper Problem - The Atlantic

Hearing Aids and Cognition

Restoring hearing was linked with less long-term cognitive decline, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis showed: Use It, or Lose It: Hearing Aids Linked to Cognitive Benefit.

Cancer and Diet

Michael Greger has a great series of videos on food and cancer. In the latest, he offers his thoughts on what you should (and shouldn't) eat if you've already been diagnosed with cancer: The Best Diet for Cancer Patients.

How Music Casts its Spell on Us

Another excerpt from the book, Awe: The New Science of Everyday Wonder and How It Can Transform Your Life. The article The Neurophysiology of Enchantment: How Music Casts Its Spell on Us, discusses the neurophysiology of music appreciation. +Jeff Beck, one of the greatest guitarists of all time, passed away this week. The NY Times published a list of his ten essential songs: Jeff Beck's 10 Essential Songs (gift article)

Covid and the Immunocompromised

Although most Americans seem done with Covid and Covid precautions, the risk is still high for those of us that are immunocompromised. Here is an opinion piece on how society could protect its vulnerable citizens: Opinion | We need to do more to assist the immunocompromised. (gift article)

020 - Biohacking, Pheromones, Comfort Food, and Obesity - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Long Covid and ME/CFS

More on how the phenomenon of Long Covid is shedding light on a disease that, until now, has lived in the shadows: myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, or ME/CFS, for short. How long COVID reignites attention for chronic fatigue syndrome

What Causes Obesity? Scientists Still Don't Agree

The NY Times had an opinion piece on a recent attempt to develop a consensus statement on the cause of obesity which affects more than 40 percent of U.S. adults and costs the health system about $173 billion yearly. Scientists could not agree: Scientists Don't Agree on What Causes Obesity, but They Know What Doesn't.

Obesity Drugs

The estimated cost of obesity in the U.S. is over $170 billion. A new class of drugs, glucagon-like peptide-1s receptor agonists (GLP-1s), initially approved for diabetes, are increasingly prescribed off-label for weight loss. The drugs are effective in stimulating weight loss (some as much as 20%), now approaching the efficacy of bariatric surgery (the current gold standard). Earlier this year, the FDA approved Wegovy as a treatment for obesity. Despite the potential of these drugs to positively impact the obesity epidemic, they are considered non-essential "lifestyle drugs" and are priced financially out of reach to the general public. Most insurance companies will currently not cover GLP-1s for obesity, meaning out-of-pocket costs, even with insurance, of $1200-$1500 / month-another indicator of the misaligned incentives of much of our medical and pharmaceutical systems, prioritizing profit over the health of individuals. What Is Ozempic and Why Is It Getting So Much Attention?

+If you are taking one of the GLP-1 medications; all is not a bed of roses: 'I miss eating': the truth behind the weight loss drug that makes food repulsive.

Are Near-Death Experiences Real?

Big Think has an article on a scientist who studied more than 1000 near-death experiences. As with so many things, the more we know, the less we understand. Are near-death experiences real?

Telomeres and Cancer

I've seen lots of stories on telomeres lately. Here is one about how telomeres and telomerase influence different types of cancer. How cancer tumor cells can become immortal.

Navigating the Financial World After Death

The article, After someone dies: death certificates, bureaucracy, and grief (gift article) is a written experience of a woman who had the additional stress of financial and institutional red tape after her husband's death. Death is a depressing topic, but the article offers valuable advice on managing your important information now to minimize future stress on your loved ones.

Holidays for the Immunocompromised

Although the world is slowly returning to its pre-pandemic behavior for most individuals, there is a subset of the population, the immunocompromised, for whom very little has changed. How Immunocompromised Experts Will Celebrate Another Pandemic Holiday discusses the many challenges of navigating the holidays with an abnormal immune system.

How To Choose a Healthy Cooking Oil

The Washington Post's article offered an excellent overview of the many oils available in the supermarket. How to choose a healthy cooking oil.) (gift article). If you'd like to compare different brands of olive oil, head over to one of my favorite resources, ConsumerLab: Extra Virgin Olive Oil Review & Top Picks. (requires a membership). ConsumerLab is a fantastic resource for sleuthing out dietary items and supplements: ConsumerLab: Independent Testing of Supplements and Botanicals.

Embracing Pheromones on the Farm

Wired had a piece on the effort to develop pheromones to combat infestations and limit the number of pesticides used in farming. To Ditch Pesticides, Scientists Are Hacking Insects' Sex Signals.

Love or Hate Brussel Sprouts? The Reason Might be Your Genes

Inverse had an interesting article on the genetic influence on taste and enjoyment of food: There might be a biological reason you hate Brussels sprouts.

Chronic Illness and the Holidays

Although some people say being diagnosed with a chronic or terminal illness was good for them, others struggle with negative emotions, especially around the holidays: What if You Can't Find the Silver Lining in Your Illness?

Does Playing Pickleball Count as Vigorous Exercise?

Many of my friends are dropping other sports, such as tennis and racquetball, and instead playing pickleball. Is pickleball a good exercise? Yes, and no has some good information on this rapidly growing sport.

Advanced Glycation End Products and Cognitive Decline

Michael Greger had a good video on Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) and Cognitive Decline. I was surprised by order of food in a table he referred to listing foods highest in AGEs.

Biohacking and Health-Span

An interesting article in The Guardian, Who wants to live to 100 on a diet of lentil and broccoli slurry? Mostly rich men. "The goal shouldn't be to extend life endlessly but to create joy and purpose at every stage of it... What we need is to make life worth living." Different from the author, I'm in the camp of extending my health span AND creating joy and purpose at every stage. This article reminded me not to be draconian about my health regimen. Eighty percent adherence to healthy behaviors should significantly impact my health without sucking the joy out of life.

The Science of Comfort Food

Food takes a centerpiece in many of this season's holiday celebrations. The Science of Comfort Food (gift article) examines why certain foods give us so much pleasure.

010 - Caloric Restriction, Vulnerability Hangovers, and Psychobiotics - HealthHippie Week In Review

Caloric Restriction and Healthspan

An email from the NIH, Calorie restriction, immune function, and health span gave an overview of a recent publication in Science focused on the immune system. In humans, the primary study (called the CALERIE Study) found caloric restriction led to changes in gene activity in body fat and related immune cells. Those that underwent caloric restriction had more prominent, less fatty thymi than controls. Based on findings in the original study, these authors studied a gene (Pla2g7) in mice. Mice who lacked this gene had less inflammation, larger thymi, gained less weight from eating a high-fat diet, burned more fat, and were less likely to develop fatty liver disease than the controls. The authors are trying to identify potential therapeutic targets to enhance longevity.

+If you're interested in this topic, Peter Attia's recent conversation with Matt Kaeberlein, How nutrition impacts longevity, is an insightful discussion. Although sadly, there is not a single mention of the microbiome.

Melanoma and the Microbiome

Within the last several years, there has been convincing evidence that dietary choices (specifically increasing dietary fiber) positively influence the efficacy of melanoma immunotherapy by way of the microbiome: Fiber boosts melanoma patients' response to immunotherapy In a recent paper, unsurprisingly, broad-spectrum antibiotics, at least in mice, seem to have the opposite effect, accelerating tumor growth: Melanoma: Gut microbiome-depleting antibiotics may make it worse

ARPA-H

President Biden named the head of the new Biomedical Research Agency, focused on fighting cancer and other diseases. The new agency, ARPA-H (Advanced Research Projects Agency-Health), jumpstarted by a $1 billion investment from Congress, is modeled after the military's futuristic Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). ARPA-H focuses on high-risk, high-reward areas of innovation. Biden Picks Biotech Executive to Lead New Biomedical Research Agency. Exciting times!

An Overview of Brain Fog

The NY Times had a fascinating overview of brain fog: What Is Brain Fog and How Can I Treat It?

+More on brain fog by one of my favorite science writers: Ed Yong on One of Long COVID's Most Misunderstood Symptoms

CRISPR Musings

Jennifer Doudna was co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her discovery of CRISPR: Nobel Prize Awarded to Jennifer Doudna And Emmanuelle Charpentier For CRISPR Discovery This week, Dr. Doudna published her thoughts on CRISPR in the Atlantic: Starting a CRISPR Revolution Isn't Enough I highly recommend Walter Isaacson's fantastic biography, The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, Gene Editing, and the Future of the Human Race.

Does Psychological Stress Increase the Incidence of Long Covid?

This study offers some preliminary evidence that it does: Psychological distress may increase your odds of getting long Covid, study finds.

Why Do Some People Seem Immune to Covid?

Scientists are trying to figure out why: The Mystery of Why Some People Don't Get Covid. Interestingly, there is no mention of interest in the microbiome, which we know influences immunity.

Exercise and Immunity

As if you needed another reason to exercise: The article, Can Exercise Strengthen Your Immunity, gives a synopsis of a recent meta-analysis published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. The authors of the study found preliminary evidence they believe showed both a protective effect for contracting Covid and a lower likelihood of experiencing severe Covid. Interpretation of the results is controversial, but few argue the overall positive impact of exercise on health.

Alzheimer's Uproar

You've likely seen news stories about a foundational Alzheimer's paper whose findings were recently called into question. The podcast episode, An Alzheimer's uproar, explains the controversy.

+Tools to tease out scientific misconduct: Fake research can be harmful to your health – a new study offers a tool for rooting it out.

Talking to Strangers

When meeting a new person, the prevailing wisdom is you should listen more than you speak. A recent study shows that strategy is wrong: People think they should talk less to be liked, but new research suggests you should speak up in conversations with strangers.

+The benefits of talking to strangers: Why talking to strangers is good for you, them, and all of us.

Vulnerability Hangovers

Shared a little too much with a friend last night? The New York Times has you covered: How to Nurse a Vulnerability Hangover

The Wandering Mind

"...mind-wandering is rarely a waste of time. It is merely our brain trying to get a bit of work done when it is under the impression that there isn't much else going on." Unhappy minds wander in the past, while happy minds often ponder the future." Scientists finally know why we get distracted — and how we can stay on track

CAR-T for Auto-Immunity

CAR-T drugs, today, are used primarily in hard-to-treat cancers. A recent manuscript, Anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus, shows how these "living drugs" may play a role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases: How a 'Living Drug' Could Treat Autoimmune Disease

Mental Health, Food, and the Microbiome

Nutritional psychiatry and psychobiotics are reaching popular consciousness. As I was readying this newsletter for publication, the article, Nutritional approaches targeting gut microbiome could improve brain disorders, hit my inbox. Adding the paper, Diet and the microbiota–gut–brain-axis: a primer for clinical nutrition to my reading list.

Quote of the Week

“History doesn't repeat itself, but it often rhymes” – Mark Twain