Intermittent Fasting

099 - Forest Bathing, Ripple Effects, and Brain Gains - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

A Wellness Bot in Hot Water?

Big banks and VCs are wary of an AI bubble, but Arianna Huffington dives in. Teaming up with OpenAI’s Sam Altman, she announced a hyper-personalized AI health coach via Thrive Global. This bot, trained on peer-reviewed science and personal data, aims to improve daily habits and reduce health inequities. However, skepticism arises from Huffington’s history with health pseudoscience, charlatans, and Altman’s controversial ventures. While AI has potential in healthcare, critics question the efficacy and equity of this initiative, warning it could perpetuate existing biases and inequalities. Why Arianna Huffington and Sam Altman Are Such a Catastrophic Pair to Make a Health App-Slate.

Mental Wealth Management

Navigating mental health treatment can be daunting due to a variety of options and a shortage of providers. A clinical psychologist, Bryan Cochran, emphasizes recognizing distress and impairment as the first step. Diagnosis and referrals are crucial for treatment, often starting with primary care. Insurance can complicate access, but many communities offer sliding-scale services. Therapy types and effectiveness vary by condition; combining medication with therapy can enhance outcomes. A strong therapist-client relationship significantly impacts success, making it essential to find the right fit. Despite challenges, pursuing mental health care is a valuable endeavor. Navigating mental health treatment options can be overwhelming – a clinical psychologist explains why it’s worth the effort.

+And how professional athletes are changing popular beliefs about mental health: By revealing their mental health struggles, pro athletes are scoring with fans.

Fiber Face-Off: Food vs. Supplements

In Is a Fiber Supplement Just as Good as Fiber From Food? - The New York Times (gift article), experts weigh in on whether fiber supplements can match the health benefits of fiber-rich foods. While supplements can aid digestion and alleviate issues like constipation and bloating, they lack the vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial compounds in whole foods. Dr. Denise Millstine emphasizes that fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains offer comprehensive health benefits, including reduced inflammation and lower disease risk.

Tree-ting Stress Naturally

Forest bathing, or shinrin-yoku, is a therapeutic practice from Japan that immerses individuals in nature to promote health. Pioneered by Dr. Qing Li, this method reduces stress, lowers blood pressure, and enhances mood and immune function without side effects. Studies reveal significant health benefits, including reduced anxiety, improved sleep, and elevated anticancer proteins. Accessible even in urban parks, forest bathing involves simple activities like walking, tai chi, or mindful observation of nature. Embracing this practice not only improves human health but also fosters environmental conservation. Opinion | Forest bathing as a side effect-free antidote for stress - The Washington Post (gift article).

+and a story on NPR about preschools in the forests of Colorado: Colorado is the 2nd state to approve licenses for outdoor preschools | KUNC.

Weight Loss Showdown

A new study in JAMA Internal Medicine reveals that Eli Lilly’s tirzepatide, the active ingredient in Mounjaro and Zepbound, significantly outperforms Novo Nordisk’s semaglutide (Ozempic and Wegovy) for weight loss. Researchers analyzed the health records of 41,000 patients over 12 months, finding that tripeptide users lost up to 15.3% of their body weight compared to 8.3% with semaglutide. The results have propelled Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk to the top of the pharmaceutical market, though Novo Nordisk highlights the study’s limitations and the comprehensive benefits of its drugs. Mounjaro is better for weight loss than Ozempic: study.

Intermittent Fasting Myths Busted

Intermittent fasting, practiced by one in 10 Americans, must be understood despite its popularity. A new study debunks four myths: it doesn’t harm sex hormones, leads to greater muscle loss than other diets, worsens diet quality, or promotes eating disorders. Instead, it can safely aid weight management and metabolic health by reducing overall calorie intake without altering food choices. The simplicity of fasting schedules makes it a sustainable option for many, offering benefits like reduced body fat and improved cellular function. Debunking four popular myths about intermittent fasting.j

Brain Gains: Age is Just a Number

In Can we change how our brains age? Scientists think it’s possible, scientists explore how lifestyle and technology can decelerate brain aging. Communities like Loma Linda’s Blue Zone show that diet, social interaction, and mental stimulation extend lifespans. AI and MRI technology advances allow for early detection and treatment of brain aging signs. Researchers like Dr. Andrei Irimia and companies like Brainkey are pioneering methods to predict and manage brain health. Sleep, depression treatment, and innovative biotech approaches are crucial in maintaining cognitive vitality, offering hope for a healthier, longer life.

Ripple Effects: How the Brain Chooses Memories

Neuroscientist György Buzsáki explores how the brain decides what to remember by studying sharp wave ripples—high-frequency brain waves fired during rest. His research shows these ripples are crucial in tagging and consolidating meaningful experiences into long-term memories. When animals rest, these ripples replay specific neuronal activity sequences from recent experiences, signaling which memories to retain. This phenomenon underscores the importance of sleep and rest in memory formation, as awake and asleep brains use these sharp wave ripples to filter and solidify memories. How the Brain Decides What to Remember-Wired.

Cracking the Autism Code

A new study in Nature Microbiology reveals that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have unique gut microbiomes. By analyzing over 1,600 stool samples, researchers identified distinct biological markers in autistic children, which could lead to more objective diagnostic tools. Current diagnostic methods rely heavily on subjective observations, which can be error-prone. This groundbreaking research opens the door for earlier, more accurate diagnoses and interventions, though more validation is needed, especially across diverse populations. The findings represent a significant step towards understanding the biological underpinnings of ASD through the gut microbiome. Children With Autism Carry Unique Gut Flora, Study Finds - The New York Times (gift article).

089 - High Times, Super-Agers, and Soothing Sounds - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Secrets of Super-Agers

Research has unveiled the remarkable cognitive resilience of "super-agers," individuals aged 80 and above who exhibit the memory capabilities of people decades younger. Studies by scientists such as Dr. Emily Rogalski and Dr. Bryan Strange have focused on why these elders defy typical age-related cognitive decline. Extensive testing, including brain scans and cognitive assessments, revealed that super-agers possess significantly less brain atrophy, particularly in regions crucial for memory, such as the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. They also maintain stronger neural connections, contributing to their exceptional cognitive abilities. Despite similar lifestyles and health profiles compared to their peers, super-agers show unique brain preservation, suggesting a blend of genetic factors and possibly earlier life habits contribute to their resilience. A Peek Inside the Brains of 'Super-Agers' - The New York Times. (gift article).

Mechanizing the Mind

A recent tech forum in Beijing, China, showcased a new brain-computer interface (BCI) allowing a monkey to control a robotic arm by thought alone. This development, by NeuCyber NeuroTech and the Chinese Institute for Brain Research, signifies China's rapid advancement in BCI technology, which collects and analyzes brain signals to manipulate external devices like robotic arms or keyboards. While the U.S. has been exploring similar medical and cognitive enhancement technologies, China's aggressive progress includes invasive and noninvasive BCIs, with applications stretching from medical to military uses. China's ambitious approach raises ethical concerns, especially as it looks to enhance cognitive functions in healthy individuals, blurring the lines between human and machine capabilities. China Has a Controversial Plan for Brain-Computer Interfaces | WIRED.

Carnivore's Diet Warning

"Our sexy, lean mice who ate high-protein, low-carb diets were the shortest-lived of all. They made great-looking middle-aged corpses." In the wake of Joe Rogan's promotion, the carnivore diet has surged as a social media phenomenon, with enthusiasts advocating for an all-meat regimen consisting of beef, bacon, butter, and eggs. This diet, championed by influencers like Dr. Shawn Baker and popularized in his 2018 book, excludes vegetables and is promoted as a means to achieve optimal mental and physical health. Despite the lack of medical endorsement and potential health risks outlined by nutrition experts, the diet's appeal grows, possibly reacting to conventional dietary advice. Promoters argue that this approach echoes the nutritional habits of our hunter-gatherer ancestors, offering a simplistic yet radical return to what they consider a more natural state of human nutrition. Meet the Men Who Eat Meat - The New York Times (gift article).

Speed Demons

In a detailed investigation by ProPublica, Dr. Debby Day, a former medical director at Cigna, revealed that she was pressured to review patient cases faster than she deemed professionally responsible. This emphasis on speed over accuracy was reportedly driven by Cigna's productivity metrics, which monitored and compared the case-handling speeds of their medical directors. Day described an environment where the quick denial of cases was encouraged to meet performance benchmarks, often using a "click and close" method. Despite Cigna's insistence on thorough, objective reviews, the emphasis leaned towards fast decision-making, which could potentially lead to wrongful denials of critical care. The report sheds light on the troubling use of productivity metrics in healthcare, raising concerns about patient safety and care quality under such systems. Cigna Pressured Her to Review Patients' Cases Too Quickly, Says Former Cigna Medical Director — ProPublica.

Soothing Sounds

Sound baths, involving meditative experiences with gongs, chimes, and crystal bowls, are gaining popularity across the U.S., from beachside sessions in Santa Monica to urban studios and corporate events. Originating from spiritual practices, these sessions immerse participants in a wash of sonic waves, purportedly easing stress and enhancing mental wellness. While sound baths are lauded for their calming effects, allowing some attendees to experience deep relaxation and emotional release, scientific research on their benefits remains limited. Initial studies suggest the potential for reducing anxiety and promoting a tranquil state of mind, although definitive claims about health impacts like lowered blood pressure or mood improvements require more rigorous investigation. As sound baths continue to resonate with modern wellness enthusiasts, they offer a tranquil escape, weaving harmony into the cacophony of daily life. Can Sound Bath Meditation Actually Benefit You? - The New York Times. (gift article).

+see also: Alzheimer's Disease and Gamma Waves — HealthHippieMD.

Conscious Creatures

A recent declaration by a group of leading animal cognition researchers suggests a broader recognition of consciousness across various species, including vertebrates and many invertebrates like cephalopods, crustaceans, and insects. Inspired by studies, such as playful bumblebees at Queen Mary University of London, this new consensus acknowledges the possibility that even animals with simpler nervous systems may experience phenomena like pain and pleasure. The New York Declaration, which was revealed during a conference at New York University, aims to update and expand previous notions of animal consciousness. This expansion challenges our understanding of neurological complexity and prompts a reevaluation of ethical treatment and scientific standards concerning animal welfare. A New Declaration of Animal Consciousness - The Atlantic.

Karate's Concrete Conquest

In the late 1970s, a trio of karate-enthusiast physicists, including MIT's Michael Feld and astronaut-to-be Ronald McNair, investigated how a karate strike could shatter wood and concrete without harming the hand. Their research revealed that breaking these materials requires precise applications of Newton's laws, involving the exertion of thousands of newtons of force within milliseconds. They discovered that human hands can generate significant force briefly enough to avoid injury, thanks to the resilience of bone and meticulous technique. Their study underscores karate as a physical and mental discipline, highlighting the intricate balance of speed, power, and precision necessary for successful martial arts practices. Karate physics: How a hand can snap concrete without breaking - Big Think.

Intermittent Fasting and Alzheimer's

A study from the University of California San Diego School of Medicine reveals (in mice) the potential of time-restricted feeding (TRF) to combat Alzheimer's disease. This novel approach focuses on alleviating circadian rhythm disruptions associated with Alzheimer's, which affects over 6 million Americans. The study demonstrates that mice on a TRF diet, limiting eating to a six-hour window, showed improved memory, reduced nighttime hyperactivity, and consistent sleep patterns. Assuming the finding holds in humans, this simple lifestyle change, which avoids complex drug interventions, could potentially revolutionize the treatment of Alzheimer's by addressing one of its primary drivers: circadian rhythm disruptions. Surprising link found between intermittent fasting and Alzheimer's disease. (thanks, Dave).

High Time for Science

In a landmark move, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration plans to reclassify marijuana from Schedule I to Schedule III, significantly easing research restrictions on the drug. This shift, reported earlier this week, marks a dramatic change in federal drug policy, potentially enhancing scientific understanding of marijuana's health effects. Currently, 24 states permit recreational use of cannabis, yet significant gaps in knowledge remain regarding its impact on health, including mental health and heart and lung function. The reclassification will expand research opportunities, allowing for more comprehensive studies on both the potential harms and benefits of cannabis, which has been both widely used and stigmatized for decades. This development promises a new era of enriched scientific inquiry into a substance that has historically been difficult to study due to regulatory hurdles. Marijuana's Health Effects Are About to Get a Whole Lot Clearer - The Atlantic.

011 - CVS, Amazon, and the Disruption of Primary Care, Anxiety Inoculants, Wabi Sabi, and AI. - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Wabi Sabi - An Inoculant for Perfectionism

Perfectionism can have a devastating effect on mental health. The Japanese concept of wabi-sabi can help: Escape the perfectionist trap with the philosophy of "wabi-sabi"

CVS, Amazon, and the Disruption of Traditional Primary Care

Traditional primary care practices and healthcare systems should be quaking in their boots. The article CVS, Amazon Deals Might Be Good for Patients, Bad for Primary Care, gives the good and bad of the disruption of healthcare. We are in the early days of this transformation that will include technology and place a much greater emphasis on preventative care/wellness. Exciting times!

+For some of the challenges, see this article extracted from a recent Harvard Business Review: Amazon's Foray into Primary Care Won't Be Easy "....a fundamental question looms: Can profit-driven entrepreneurship and bottom-up innovation make the U.S. health care system work anywhere nearly as well as those in places like France, Sweden, Norway, Australia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Germany, and Switzerland? They may be relatively dull, but they keep people healthy at an affordable cost.".

How to be Bold

Anxiety short-circuits many decision-making processes for a wide range of the population. The article How to Be Bold discusses the implications and how to overcome anxiety inertia. Thanks, Laura!

Fasting and Cancer

I am interested in extending lifespan and health span, so I have read many papers on caloric restriction. Fasting to combat cancer is somewhat controversial but gaining momentum. Dr. Michael Gregor over at NutritionFacts has a great series of introductory videos for you:

+For a decent scientific review on caloric restriction and cancer, see this 2018 paper from Valter Longo's Lab: Starvation, Stress Resistance, and Cancer

Immersive Rights in the Metaverse

The Metaverse, "a broad societal shift in how we engage digital content, going from flat media viewed in the 3rd person to immersive experiences engaged in the 1st person," is coming, ready or not. As with all powerful technologies, we must consider their use and implications. The article The case for demanding "immersive rights" in the Metaverse touches on many of the potential issues. This article reminded me of some of the early warnings on the use and potential abuse of social media.

Immersive Virtual Environments Eases Pain During Hand Surgery

The article, Gaming tech could ease pain during surgery, reports the findings of a recent preliminary study looking at the effects of immersive VR on surgical pain: Virtual reality immersion compared to monitored anesthesia care for hand surgery. Adding this to my reading list.

Life Lessons Gleaned from Free Soloing El Capitan

The advice and life lessons came rapidly in the podcast, How free solo climber Alex Honnold faces fear. The interviewer, Adam Grant, an organizational psychologist at Penn, was positively giddy during the interview. This episode is well worth your time.

Rethinking Alzheimers

Last week I mentioned the re-examination of a foundational paper whose findings have been questioned. That re-examination, coupled with the little to no progress in the prevention or treatment of the disease, has led to renewed interest in alternate theories. The article Alzheimer's Might Not Be Primarily a Brain Disease, examines some of the leading alternate views.

A panel of experts gathered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services issued a draft guidance this week recommending all adults 65 and younger are screened for anxiety: Health Panel Recommends Anxiety Screening for All Adults Under 65. One of the issues mentioned is what the U.S. will do with the increased volume of newly diagnosed anxious adults. The mental health infrastructure was inadequate before the pandemic. During the pandemic, the existing volume of patients struggled to find licensed mental health providers. It is unlikely the system will be able to keep up with all the newly diagnosed patients in need of services.

Stool Banking - Your Poop May Hold the Secret to Longevity

As we learn more about the microbiome and the aging process, the two are intertwined--especially around inflammation. Ten years ago, when trying to convince my chairman about the importance of this emerging area, I remember telling him that as we learn how important the microbiome is to health and wellbeing, the inevitable outcome would be the prevalence of personal stool banking. The article Your Poop May Hold the Secret to Long Life focuses on the logistical and ethical questions surrounding storing your stool.

Eric Topol

Eric Topol is constantly tweeting out fantastic resources. My favorite finds from this week:

Humans Evolved with their Microbiomes

The gut microbiome plays many vital roles in health and well-being. Humans evolved with their microbiomes, and like genes, gut microbes pass from one generation to the next discusses the co-evolution of humans and their microbial passengers.

The Search for New Pain Medication

The Economist had a great article on the search for new analgesics: Better medicines are needed to relieve pain

Quote of the Week

"Blind belief in authority is the greatest enemy of truth." - Albert Einstein.

007- The Benign Masochism of Spicy Foods, Non-Nutritive Sweeteners, Psilocybin, and Attachment Theory - HealthHippie Week In Review - August 28, 2022

Non-nutritive Sweeteners and Weight Gain

I have been wary of artificial sweeteners for decades. A recent study in Cell, Personalized microbiome-driven effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on human glucose tolerance , examines one potential mechanism how artificial sweeteners paradoxically cause weight GAIN, mediated through the microbiome. Sucralose and saccharine had the most harmful impact on the glycemic index (a measurement of the sugar in your blood). Read a summary article here: Non-nutritive sweeteners affect human microbiomes and can alter glycemic responses. I also found this excellent, recent overview of artificial sweeteners-especially their impact on inflammation: Artificial Sweeteners: History and New Concepts on Inflammation

Knocking Down Publisher's Paywalls

It's nice to see some real momentum in making science freely accessible. This week, the White House pushed journals to drop paywalls on publicly funded research. Naturally, the multibillion-dollar publishers are pushing back. Back in 2016, I wrote Thoughts on Open Access and Traditional Publication.. We published the manuscript I mentioned in my blog in the open access journal Frontiers in Public Health: A Novel Multiplayer Screen-Based Simulation Experience for African Learners Improved Confidence in Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage.

"Bud"wieser - Cannabis-Infused Beverages

With the rapidly expanding legalization of recreational marijuana and THC comes a bevy of products seeking to capitalize on the new trend financially. The article, Are Weed Drinks Safe? What to know About THC and Alcohol discusses the issues associated with these new products

How to Meditate when you Can't Sit Still

Meditation has many health benefits, but many people have difficulty getting a practice started. If this sounds familiar, How to Meditate When You Can't Sit Still was written for you. More information on meditation: Meditation - HealthHippieMD

Fiber, Phytonutrients, and Healthy Soil

The People's Pharmacy had an excellent discussion this week on the microbiome and regenerative farming. Show 1312: Fiber, Phytonutrients, and Healthy Soil If you're interested in regenerative agriculture, don't miss the beautiful documentary, The Biggest Little Farm.

Time-Restricted Eating / Intermittent Fasting

I found an article on intermittent fasting for weight loss, a quick overview of a subset of recent research. Does Time-Restricted Eating Help With Weight Loss?. If you're interested in this topic, Michael Greger at NutritionFacts.org has a great series of videos on the topic: Fasting For Health and Weight Loss.

+Another article on fasting (and inflammation): One form of fasting may be best to fight inflammation. In this study, individuals fasted for 24 hours once a week. People followed a regimen of "low-frequency" intermittent fasting, fasting for 24 hours once a week. The result was a higher galactin-3 in those that fasted. Galactin-3 aids in cellular repair and decreases systemic inflammation. The authors opined this regimen might have similar effects to SGLT-2 inhibitors, the newer diabetes pharmaceuticals.

"Post-Pandemic" Thoughts

Another opinion piece on the discomfort of integrating back into society without a healthy immune system: The covid pandemic has 'ended,' but I'll keep my mask on, thanks

The Benign Masochism of Spicy Foods

Quick--what animal other than humans has a preference for spicy foods? Give up? Did you have the Chinese Tree Shrew on your bingo card? Me either. An article in the Big Think covers the phenomenon of human enjoyment of spicy foods, A pleasure to burn: Why do people like spicy foods?

Neurologist's Tips for Fighting Memory Loss and Staving Off Alzheimer's

A recent Lancet commission on dementia suggested that up to 40% of Alzheimer's cases could be prevented or delayed. The article, Stop drinking, keep reading, look after your hearing: a neurologist's tips for fighting memory loss and Alzheimer's has some helpful advice, no matter your age.

Psilocybin therapy reduces heavy drinking

This week, I saw plenty of news about a manuscript published in JAMA Psychiatry, Percentage of Heavy Drinking Days Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy vs. Placebo in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder. The article, Psilocybin therapy reduces heavy drinking by up to 83 percent in landmark trial, summarizes the study. Although the cohort was small (96 subjects), and the control group had a significant response - 51% abstaining from alcohol during the study period, the study is still quite interesting. This report will be another brick in the wall in the psychedelic industry's quest to legalize and use psychedelic compounds medically.

+An interesting article on how psychedelics and near-death experiences change core beliefs in similar ways: Psychedelic trips and near-death experiences result in strikingly similar shifts in mindset.

Attachment Style and Friendship

I read the book Attached a couple of years ago, and it left quite an impression. Unsurprisingly, attachment style influences many types of relationships, not just romantic: How Your Attachment Style Shapes Your Friendships

+What are the most valued traits we look for in friends? The most valued trait in a friend will surprise you

Embracing Idleness

Another excellent article in How to Build a Life series at the Atlantic. How to Embrace Doing Nothing, touches on the importance of leisure time. See my article, Time Poverty: a significant threat to wellness.

Quote of the Week

Knowledge is power. The real test of knowledge is not whether it is true but whether it empowers us. Scientists usually assume that no theory is 100% correct. Truth, consequently, is a poor test for knowledge. The real test is utility. A theory that enables us to do new things constitutes knowledge. - Francis Bacon


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001 - Friendship, Psychedelics, and Maggots, Oh My - HealthHippie Week In Review - July 17, 2022

You may have noticed the difference in format this week. Starting today, I will send a weekly curated newsletter with interesting articles, videos, and audio from the week. I will reserve blog entries for longer-form writing, such as the following past articles:

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Here are some of the interesting items from this week.

On Friendship and Living Well

The Friendship Files - The Atlantic presents an out-of-the-box method to finding deep friendship, similar to an arranged marriage, complete with rituals and renewal of vows. The article made me think of another I had read about Aristotle's virtues and how to live a good life: How to be happy: Aristotle's 11 guidelines for a good life.

Maggot Therapy

This week's Science Friday featured a previous story on Maggot Therapy and an update. Science Friday: Big Bang Debate History, Black Hole Sounds, Maggot Healthcare, Forest Lichens. July 8, 2022, Part 2 on Apple Podcasts The history of the discovery of maggot's medicinal use is fascinating (it turns out larvae secrete antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and pro-healing compounds). Listening to the story and reading about the history, The Biochemistry Of Medical Maggot Spit, made me think of some of the observations of Florence Nightingale (who observed that soldiers exposed to the fresh air and sunlight after being wounded, actually had better outcomes) Open hospital windows to stem the spread of infections, says microbiologist.

Mental Illness, Psychedelics, and Psychiatry

Currently, many eyes (both clinical and on Wall Street) are focused on the emergence of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. I've added Netflix's new docuseries, How to Change Your Mind, to my viewing queue. The series is adapted from Michael Pollen's excellent book of the same name. As I read another article, Will We Ever Find a Cure for Mental Illness? - The Atlantic, that reviews a new book by Andrew Scull on the history of psychiatry, Desperate Remedies.

Antibiotics and Mental Health

I read an interesting story about a study that claims a single dose of antibiotics correlates with altered emotional processing in young adults - Antibiotic Treatments May Make Us More Susceptible to Negative Emotions - Neuroscience News. I have yet to read the actual manuscript currently in pre-press, but I find fascinating the emerging focus on the gut-brain axis and its influence on mental health. The microbiome is the new frontier in diagnosing and treating mental illness. Last year, I delivered a Zoom lecture on the topic - Gut Feelings: the role of the microbiome in behavioral health — HealthHippieMD

The Brain's Low Power Mode

Much like our electronic devices, pre-clinical studies suggest the brain has a low-power mode that kicks in when energy is in short supply. This interesting article, The Brain Has a 'Low-Power Mode' That Blunts Our Senses covers the findings in the recently published paper, Neocortex saves energy by reducing coding precision during food scarcity. In short, the visual cortex conserves energy by altering the firing of neurons in the visual pathways. The power down-regulation could be switched off by administering Leptin. The influence of Leptin, a hormone usually thought of in a food-seeking context, not visual pathways, is another example of how our bodies are an extensive, complex, integrated system. The far-reaching effects of hormones should also be a warning that manipulation of single pathways of our complex physiology can have unintended consequences-there are still many unknown unknowns in human physiology and biochemistry.

Circadian Medicine

It seems everywhere I look, I see a story or study about the body's circadian rhythms. I read two articles this week on the topic: Clocking the Drugs, Drugging the Clock: The Health Impact Of Circadian Medicine. and One kind of work interferes with metabolic health Most are aware of the central master clock, but as with everything in the body, the story is much more complicated. Every organ, and likely every cell, has an intrinsic physiological clock. As with many processes in the body, the influence is bidirectional. For instance, circadian rhythms affect the composition of the microbiome, and the microbiome composition affects circadian rhythm. Current studies are investigating the impact of circadian rhythms on health, cancer treatment, and a whole host of other applications. One thing is growing increasingly clear: there is likely an optimal time to eat, sleep, and take medications/supplements. One kind of work interferes with metabolic health discussed the various health effects of working at night. There is an association between night work and obesity, cancer, and diabetes. The article made me wonder if nighttime workers should be offered hazard pay since night shifts negatively impact health and well-being.

NCCIH Free ebook on Yoga

The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health published a free ebook about Yoga. The ebook provides an overview of the Science behind the benefits of Yoga, information on how to practice Yoga safely, and a summary of national survey findings about the use of Yoga in the United States. Yoga for Health (eBook) | NCCIH

Intermittent Fasting and Covid

Late in the week, I read this news release, Study finds people who practice intermittent fasting experience less severe complications from COVID-19! and the paper it cites, Association of periodic fasting with lower severity of COVID-19 outcomes in the SARS-CoV-2 prevaccine era: an observational cohort from the INSPIRE registry | BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health. Although there are many obstacles to the generalizability of the study (non-randomized study population, self-selection for database inclusion, self-reported fasting activity, etc. ), the paper includes many thought-provoking hypotheses on how fasting might influence COVID outcomes.


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