103 - Erythritol Issues, Diet over Drugs for I.B.S., and Preventing Cancer - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

The Risky Truth Behind Erythritol

A recent study reveals that erythritol, a popular sugar substitute found in products like Truvia and Splenda, may increase the risk of heart attack and stroke by elevating platelet activity, which can lead to blood clot formation. The study compared erythritol with sugar and found that while sugar did not affect platelet activity, erythritol significantly did. Despite being classified as “generally recognized as safe” by the F.D.A., this research calls for further long-term studies to assess the cardiovascular risks of erythritol and similar sugar substitutes. This Popular Sugar Substitute May Put Your Heart at Risk, A New Study Reveals.

Rolling Towards Relief

The F.D.A. is nearing a decision on the approval of MDMA-assisted therapy for treating PTSD, a move that could revolutionize psychedelic medicine. This potential approval has sparked a bipartisan lobbying effort from veterans, lawmakers, and researchers, advocating for the drug’s benefits despite concerns over trial data. The therapy, combining MDMA with talk therapy, has shown promising results in reducing PTSD symptoms, but challenges remain, including the stigma surrounding psychedelic drugs and the need for rigorous data. The F.D.A.’s decision could set a precedent for future treatments in the burgeoning field of psychedelic medicine.Veterans and Lawmakers Lobby for Approval of MDMA Therapy - The New York Times (gift article).

+despite the lobbying by some powerful groups, the F.D.A. did not approve MDMA: F.D.A. Officially Rejects MDMA-AT as PTSD Treatment | DoubleBlind Mag.

The Lingering Toll

A recent global study estimates that 400 million people have experienced long-term COVID-19, highlighting the ongoing and severe impact of the condition. With only 7-10% of patients recovering fully within two years, long Covid poses significant challenges for healthcare systems and economies, costing an estimated $1 trillion annually. The report stresses the need for more research into treatments and biological mechanisms while recommending policy changes to support affected individuals. The study underscores the far-reaching effects of long-term COVID-19 on individuals’ lives, work, and communities. About 400 Million People Worldwide Have Had Long Covid, Researchers Say - The New York Times (gift article).

Gender Prescription

Recent research suggests that patients under the care of female doctors have better outcomes than those treated by male doctors. This trend, observed across multiple countries, remains puzzling despite consistent data supporting it. Various factors, such as attentiveness to symptoms and quality of care, are posited as reasons, but the exact cause of this gender discrepancy is still unclear. While the findings provoke thought, they also underline the need to explore how gender influences medical care quality and patient survival rates. Do women make better doctors than men? (gift article).

Beyond the Scale

GLP-1 agonists like semaglutide and tirzepatide, known for their weight loss effects, reveal broader health benefits. Initially developed for diabetes, these drugs show promise in enhancing heart health, protecting kidneys, reducing sleep apnea, and even combating addiction and cognitive decline. Clinical trials highlight their potential to lower cardiovascular risks, reduce inflammation, and support brain health, suggesting these medications may act on multiple body systems beyond weight control. As research progresses, GLP-1 drugs could redefine their role in health promotion, not just weight loss.The Benefits of Ozempic Are Multiplying | WIRED.

Parasites as a Neurological Delivery System

Scientists are exploring using the parasite Toxoplasma gondii as a novel drug delivery system for brain diseases. The blood-brain barrier often prevents effective treatment of neurological conditions, but Toxoplasma naturally crosses this barrier. Researchers have engineered the parasite to deliver therapeutic proteins directly into neurons, potentially offering new treatments for disorders like Rett syndrome. However, the inherent risks of Toxoplasma infection, including its link to neurological issues, present significant challenges before this method can be used in clinical settings. Ick. How Do You Get Drugs to the Brain? Maybe Try a Parasite | WIRED.

Mind Games

Are You Psychic? Nudge, Nudge explores the concept of “population stereotypes,” a psychological phenomenon that explains how predictable human responses can create the illusion of telepathy. Through engaging examples, the author demonstrates how large groups of people consistently choose certain numbers and symbols, making it appear as though psychic abilities are at play. The article delves into the history of these demonstrations, including Uri Geller’s famous televised telepathy act, and uncovers how understanding these patterns can debunk claims of paranormal activity.

Preventing Cancer

# I’m an oncologist. Here’s what I do to reduce my own cancer risk (gift article) explores five practical steps to reduce cancer risk, emphasizing the importance of modifiable behaviors. Key strategies include vigilant sun protection to minimize U.V. exposure, limiting alcohol intake to reduce various cancer risks, abstaining from smoking to lower the likelihood of lung and other cancers significantly, incorporating daily exercise to lower risks of several cancers, and maintaining a balanced diet by avoiding sugary drinks, fast food, and processed meats. While some cancer risks are unavoidable, these proactive measures can play a significant role in prevention.

Diet Beats Drugs for I.B.S. Relief

Irritable bowel syndrome (I.B.S.) is a challenging condition with symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating, and irregular bowel movements. Traditional treatments often include medications like laxatives and antidepressants. However, a new study published in The Lancet highlights that dietary changes, specifically a low-FODMAP diet, may offer more effective symptom relief than medication. This approach, which involves avoiding certain carbohydrates that trigger symptoms, is gaining recognition as a powerful tool in managing I.B.S. for many sufferers. What’s the Best Way to Treat I.B.S.? - The New York Times (gift article).

094 - When Drugs Go Wild, Dodging Microplastics, and The Brain's Fear Gear - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

The Brain's Fear Gear

A recent study, published in Science, elucidated a chemical "switch" in the brainstem's dorsal raphe nucleus of mice that converts stress into fear by altering neurotransmitter release, leading to anxiety disorders and PTSD. This switch involves neurons shifting from releasing glutamate to GABA. Experiments showed that blocking GABA synthesis or using fluoxetine (Prozac) could prevent generalized fear responses. Post-mortem studies on human PTSD patients confirmed this mechanism, opening avenues for targeted treatments. Understanding these molecular processes provides a pathway for developing specific interventions for stress-induced fear and related disorders. The brain's "switch" that puts fear into overdrive - Big Think

Put the 230 Genie Back in the Bottle

The article argues for reforming Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, which protects online platforms from liability for user-generated content. Originally intended to encourage moderation of harmful content, Section 230 has instead enabled the spread of misinformation, online harassment, and social polarization. The article suggests a "notice-and-takedown" approach and other modifications to hold platforms accountable while preserving the law's benefits. Reform is necessary to mitigate the negative impacts on social discourse and restore some responsibility to the internet. It's Time to Restore Some Sanity to the Internet-Mother Jones.

A Trip Full of Pitfalls

MDMA's approval for PTSD treatment faces significant hurdles after an FDA advisory panel voted against recommending approval due to issues like biased self-reporting and inconsistent psychotherapy standards. The "unblinding" effect, where participants likely knew if they received MDMA or a placebo, raises concerns about the validity of positive outcomes. Allegations of therapist misconduct and insufficient monitoring of side effects further complicate the case. With the FDA's decision pending, the future of MDMA-assisted therapy remains uncertain, highlighting the challenges in proving the efficacy and safety of psychedelic treatments. The panel's decision will slow but likely not dampen interest in the use of psychedelics for mental health. "In many ways, we're creating a new field of medicine," said Lykos' senior medical director, Alia Lilienstein. The Case for MDMA's Approval Is Riddled With Problems | WIRED.

The Potential of Psychedelics

Gül Dölen, a neuroscientist and psychiatric researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, discusses the surprising potential of psychedelics to change the lives of those grappling with addiction, depression, and post-traumatic stress. A must-listen if you're curious about psychedelics and before you get too discouraged by the FDA Panel's decision this week. ‎The Joy of Why: Can Psychedelics Improve Mental Health?

Xylitol's Hidden Risks

Recent research highlights a concerning link between the popular sugar substitute xylitol and an increased risk of heart attack and stroke. While xylitol is widely used for its dental benefits and low-calorie content, new findings suggest potential cardiovascular dangers. This revelation urges caution for those seeking healthier sweetener alternatives, emphasizing the need for further investigation into xylitol's long-term effects on heart health. Xylitol Increases Heart-Health Risks (Thanks, Dave - NextDraft).

When Drugs Go Wild

Modern drug pollution is transforming wildlife, with meth-addicted trout, fearless perch, and sex-changed fish among the casualties. Pharmaceuticals like antidepressants and contraceptives, entering ecosystems via inadequate waste treatment, are altering animal behavior and physiology. Diclofenac, an anti-inflammatory, caused a dramatic decline in India's vultures, leading to increased rabies from unconsumed cattle carcasses. Experts urge urgent reform in drug design to mitigate these unintended ecological impacts, emphasizing that the same properties that make drugs effective in humans pose severe risks to biodiversity. Environmental exposure to pharmaceuticals is a pressing global issue demanding immediate attention. Meth-addict fish, aggro starlings, caffeinated minnows: animals radically changed by human drugs. (Thanks again Dave-NextDraft).

Food Waste Unpeeled

America's apple obsession reveals the broader issue of food waste. Despite producing 4.36 million metric tons of apples annually, a significant portion rots due to factors like overproduction and market fluctuations. This waste is emblematic of a more substantial problem, with 30-40% of all food in the U.S. wasted, equating to 133 billion pounds annually. The waste spans all stages of food production, exacerbated by weather, inefficient storage, and consumer habits. Innovations like controlled-atmosphere storage and advocacy from groups like The Farmlink Project show promise, but systemic change is essential to curb this massive loss and its environmental impact. America's Favorite Fruit Reveals The Hidden Truth About Food Waste.

+See Also: The Rotten Secret Plaguing America's Grocery Stores.

An Operating Room "Black Box."

Teodor Grantcharov's AI-powered "black box" aims to revolutionize surgical safety by recording and analyzing all OR activities. The technology captures everything from instrument use to environmental factors, offering a comprehensive view of operations. Despite the potential for significant improvements in safety and efficiency, the system faces resistance due to privacy concerns and fear of legal repercussions. Hospitals are divided between leveraging this data for quality improvements and managing the overwhelming influx of information. As the black box spreads, it promises a new era of transparency and enhanced patient care. This AI-powered "black-box" could make surgery safer | MIT Technology Review. (paywall).

Dodging Microplastics

Microplastics in food, air, and household items pose potential health risks. To minimize exposure, opt for less processed foods, use glass containers, avoid heating plastics, and switch to loose-leaf tea. Limit plastic use in furniture and clothing; frequent vacuuming with a HEPA filter and damp cloths can reduce indoor microplastics. Choose reusable water bottles and consider laundry solutions like special filters or washing less often. While complete avoidance is impossible, making informed choices can reduce microplastic intake, emphasizing the importance of manageable, everyday actions.How to Minimize Your Exposure to Microplastics - The New York Times (gift article).

092 - Sleeping Your Way to the Top, Mellow Yellow, and The Brain Microbiome - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

May 26th is my 60th birthday. As a gift to me, please pass this newsletter on to at least one person you think might be interested. I'd love to double my readership. Thanks for reading and your ongoing support!

Forgive and Let Live

In the podcast, Feel Better, Live More with Dr Rangan Chatterjee: #448 A Proven Prescription for Health and Happiness: Why Being Able To Forgive Improves Your Physical & Mental Wellbeing Dr. Rangan Chatterjee discusses the importance of forgiveness with Dr. Fred Luskin, a clinical psychologist from Stanford University. Dr. Luskin, the director of the Stanford University Forgiveness Projects, emphasizes that forgiveness is a crucial yet often overlooked component of health. He argues that while diet, exercise, stress, and sleep are vital, the ability to forgive can significantly improve both mental and physical wellbeing. According to Dr. Luskin, forgiveness is a perspective that can lead to profound healing and a happier life. (Thanks, Megan).

Hard Facts on Stool

Michael Harrop's Human Microbes has created a controversial black market for fecal microbiota transplants (FMT), used to treat conditions like cystitis and irritable bowel syndrome. Despite the FDA only approving FMT for Clostridioides difficile, desperate patients like Alexandra seek alternative cures from this underground source. Despite lacking medical credentials, Harrop matches "super-donors" with buyers, selling stool for $1,000 per dose. While some report miraculous recoveries, medical experts warn of severe risks and unknown long-term effects, urging caution and further research. Fecal microbiota transplant: Inside the black market for human poop.

Fit or Fat

A recent study by the University of Aberdeen reveals that exercise enhances the body's ability to metabolize saturated fats. The research focused on the "athlete's paradox," which observes that endurance athletes and people with type 2 diabetes store high levels of muscle fat. Through an eight-week experiment involving 29 athletes and 30 people with diabetes, researchers discovered that exercise enables people with diabetes to store and burn saturated fat efficiently, mirroring the athletes' fat metabolism. The study underscores the importance of regular physical activity for improving fat metabolism and overall metabolic health. Exercise improves storage and burning of saturated fat, study finds.

3 M's Sticky Situation

ProPublica's exposé reveals how Kris Hansen, a chemist at 3M, discovered toxic "forever chemicals" (PFAS) in human blood. Initially tasked with verifying external lab results, Hansen confirmed that PFAS contamination was widespread, even in the general population. Despite her findings, 3M executives suppressed the information, halting her research and enforcing secrecy. Decades later, the EPA is now demanding the removal of these chemicals from drinking water. Hansen, who remained silent for years, now grapples with the environmental and health implications of her discovery and 3 M's long-held secrets. How 3M Execs Convinced a Scientist the Forever Chemicals She Found in Human Blood Were Safe — ProPublica.

A Sobering Solution?

Scientists have developed a hydrogel that may be the answer to hangover woes and alcohol-related health issues. Crafted from whey protein and enhanced with iron atoms, sugar molecules, and gold nanoparticles, this gel breaks down alcohol in the gastrointestinal tract. In mouse experiments, it significantly reduced blood alcohol levels and prevented liver damage, weight loss, and gut problems. This novel hydrogel holds promise for both social drinkers and those with chronic alcohol issues, potentially serving as a groundbreaking remedy and preventative measure against alcohol's harmful effects. Clinical trials in humans are anticipated soon. Is this the hangover cure we've been waiting for?

The Brain Microbiome

Recent research suggests that the brain might have its own microbiome, challenging the long-held belief that the brain is a sterile organ. Initial studies from 2013 found non-human genetic material in brain tissue, hinting at the presence of bacteria and viruses. More recent investigations have discovered bacteria and fungi in the brains of both healthy individuals and those with Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanisms by which these microbes enter the brain remain unclear. This discovery could open new avenues for treating neurological diseases, but further research is needed to fully confirm and understand these findings. Wait, The Brain Has Its Own Microbiome? What New Research Tells Us.

Mellow Yellow

A recent study reveals that D-limonene, a terpene found in citrus fruits and cannabis, reduces anxiety when combined with THC, the psychoactive component in marijuana. Conducted by Johns Hopkins University, the double-blind study involved 20 participants inhaling various doses of THC and limonene. Results showed that higher doses of limonene significantly decreased anxiety and paranoia. While the exact mechanism remains unclear, the study suggests limonene's potential as an anxiolytic agent. This research highlights the need for empirical testing of terpenes' effects, challenging unverified marketing claims in the medicinal cannabis industry. A New Study Found This Molecule Is Linked to Less Anxiety While Stoned.

Sleep Your Way to the Top

In How to Buy Yourself a Longer Life - The New York Times (gift article), Frank Bruni explores Equinox's new luxury membership, "Optimize," costing $40,000 annually and featuring services like a sleep coach, nutritionist, and personal trainer. This deluxe package aims to enhance fitness and longevity, reflecting an increasing obsession among the wealthy with extended youth. Bruni critiques this trend, highlighting the growing economic segregation and the extravagant ways the affluent flaunt their wealth and seek to optimize their lives, underscoring a deepening divide in American society.

Garden Your Way to a Healthier You

Gardening offers multifaceted benefits for both mind and body. Engaging in activities such as shoveling mulch and pulling weeds counts as moderate-intensity exercise, contributing significantly to physical activity goals. Beyond the physical, gardening provides mental health perks, including stress reduction and a sense of purpose. Emilee Weaver from the North Carolina Botanical Garden highlights how nurturing plants can be deeply fulfilling. Studies support these claims, showing that gardeners are more active and enjoy better mental health than non-gardeners. The article briefly mentions exposure to the soil microbiome and its association with mental health. The Health Benefits of Gardening - The New York Times (gift article).

Prior Authorization Frustration

Medicare Advantage plans, touted for reducing waste and inappropriate care, are increasingly criticized for unnecessarily restricting coverage. This issue is starkly illustrated by Marlene Nathanson's experience, whose stroke recovery was abruptly interrupted when her plan denied further treatment coverage. Despite significant progress in therapy, she was given just 48 hours to leave her rehabilitation facility. Traditional Medicare seldom requires prior authorization, but nearly all Advantage plans do, particularly for high-cost services. With more than half of Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in these plans, such denials are becoming alarmingly common. When 'Prior Authorization' Becomes a Medical Roadblock - The New York Times (gift article).

089 - High Times, Super-Agers, and Soothing Sounds - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Secrets of Super-Agers

Research has unveiled the remarkable cognitive resilience of "super-agers," individuals aged 80 and above who exhibit the memory capabilities of people decades younger. Studies by scientists such as Dr. Emily Rogalski and Dr. Bryan Strange have focused on why these elders defy typical age-related cognitive decline. Extensive testing, including brain scans and cognitive assessments, revealed that super-agers possess significantly less brain atrophy, particularly in regions crucial for memory, such as the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. They also maintain stronger neural connections, contributing to their exceptional cognitive abilities. Despite similar lifestyles and health profiles compared to their peers, super-agers show unique brain preservation, suggesting a blend of genetic factors and possibly earlier life habits contribute to their resilience. A Peek Inside the Brains of 'Super-Agers' - The New York Times. (gift article).

Mechanizing the Mind

A recent tech forum in Beijing, China, showcased a new brain-computer interface (BCI) allowing a monkey to control a robotic arm by thought alone. This development, by NeuCyber NeuroTech and the Chinese Institute for Brain Research, signifies China's rapid advancement in BCI technology, which collects and analyzes brain signals to manipulate external devices like robotic arms or keyboards. While the U.S. has been exploring similar medical and cognitive enhancement technologies, China's aggressive progress includes invasive and noninvasive BCIs, with applications stretching from medical to military uses. China's ambitious approach raises ethical concerns, especially as it looks to enhance cognitive functions in healthy individuals, blurring the lines between human and machine capabilities. China Has a Controversial Plan for Brain-Computer Interfaces | WIRED.

Carnivore's Diet Warning

"Our sexy, lean mice who ate high-protein, low-carb diets were the shortest-lived of all. They made great-looking middle-aged corpses." In the wake of Joe Rogan's promotion, the carnivore diet has surged as a social media phenomenon, with enthusiasts advocating for an all-meat regimen consisting of beef, bacon, butter, and eggs. This diet, championed by influencers like Dr. Shawn Baker and popularized in his 2018 book, excludes vegetables and is promoted as a means to achieve optimal mental and physical health. Despite the lack of medical endorsement and potential health risks outlined by nutrition experts, the diet's appeal grows, possibly reacting to conventional dietary advice. Promoters argue that this approach echoes the nutritional habits of our hunter-gatherer ancestors, offering a simplistic yet radical return to what they consider a more natural state of human nutrition. Meet the Men Who Eat Meat - The New York Times (gift article).

Speed Demons

In a detailed investigation by ProPublica, Dr. Debby Day, a former medical director at Cigna, revealed that she was pressured to review patient cases faster than she deemed professionally responsible. This emphasis on speed over accuracy was reportedly driven by Cigna's productivity metrics, which monitored and compared the case-handling speeds of their medical directors. Day described an environment where the quick denial of cases was encouraged to meet performance benchmarks, often using a "click and close" method. Despite Cigna's insistence on thorough, objective reviews, the emphasis leaned towards fast decision-making, which could potentially lead to wrongful denials of critical care. The report sheds light on the troubling use of productivity metrics in healthcare, raising concerns about patient safety and care quality under such systems. Cigna Pressured Her to Review Patients' Cases Too Quickly, Says Former Cigna Medical Director — ProPublica.

Soothing Sounds

Sound baths, involving meditative experiences with gongs, chimes, and crystal bowls, are gaining popularity across the U.S., from beachside sessions in Santa Monica to urban studios and corporate events. Originating from spiritual practices, these sessions immerse participants in a wash of sonic waves, purportedly easing stress and enhancing mental wellness. While sound baths are lauded for their calming effects, allowing some attendees to experience deep relaxation and emotional release, scientific research on their benefits remains limited. Initial studies suggest the potential for reducing anxiety and promoting a tranquil state of mind, although definitive claims about health impacts like lowered blood pressure or mood improvements require more rigorous investigation. As sound baths continue to resonate with modern wellness enthusiasts, they offer a tranquil escape, weaving harmony into the cacophony of daily life. Can Sound Bath Meditation Actually Benefit You? - The New York Times. (gift article).

+see also: Alzheimer's Disease and Gamma Waves — HealthHippieMD.

Conscious Creatures

A recent declaration by a group of leading animal cognition researchers suggests a broader recognition of consciousness across various species, including vertebrates and many invertebrates like cephalopods, crustaceans, and insects. Inspired by studies, such as playful bumblebees at Queen Mary University of London, this new consensus acknowledges the possibility that even animals with simpler nervous systems may experience phenomena like pain and pleasure. The New York Declaration, which was revealed during a conference at New York University, aims to update and expand previous notions of animal consciousness. This expansion challenges our understanding of neurological complexity and prompts a reevaluation of ethical treatment and scientific standards concerning animal welfare. A New Declaration of Animal Consciousness - The Atlantic.

Karate's Concrete Conquest

In the late 1970s, a trio of karate-enthusiast physicists, including MIT's Michael Feld and astronaut-to-be Ronald McNair, investigated how a karate strike could shatter wood and concrete without harming the hand. Their research revealed that breaking these materials requires precise applications of Newton's laws, involving the exertion of thousands of newtons of force within milliseconds. They discovered that human hands can generate significant force briefly enough to avoid injury, thanks to the resilience of bone and meticulous technique. Their study underscores karate as a physical and mental discipline, highlighting the intricate balance of speed, power, and precision necessary for successful martial arts practices. Karate physics: How a hand can snap concrete without breaking - Big Think.

Intermittent Fasting and Alzheimer's

A study from the University of California San Diego School of Medicine reveals (in mice) the potential of time-restricted feeding (TRF) to combat Alzheimer's disease. This novel approach focuses on alleviating circadian rhythm disruptions associated with Alzheimer's, which affects over 6 million Americans. The study demonstrates that mice on a TRF diet, limiting eating to a six-hour window, showed improved memory, reduced nighttime hyperactivity, and consistent sleep patterns. Assuming the finding holds in humans, this simple lifestyle change, which avoids complex drug interventions, could potentially revolutionize the treatment of Alzheimer's by addressing one of its primary drivers: circadian rhythm disruptions. Surprising link found between intermittent fasting and Alzheimer's disease. (thanks, Dave).

High Time for Science

In a landmark move, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration plans to reclassify marijuana from Schedule I to Schedule III, significantly easing research restrictions on the drug. This shift, reported earlier this week, marks a dramatic change in federal drug policy, potentially enhancing scientific understanding of marijuana's health effects. Currently, 24 states permit recreational use of cannabis, yet significant gaps in knowledge remain regarding its impact on health, including mental health and heart and lung function. The reclassification will expand research opportunities, allowing for more comprehensive studies on both the potential harms and benefits of cannabis, which has been both widely used and stigmatized for decades. This development promises a new era of enriched scientific inquiry into a substance that has historically been difficult to study due to regulatory hurdles. Marijuana's Health Effects Are About to Get a Whole Lot Clearer - The Atlantic.

072 - Spice Odyssey, Pillow Talk, and Filing for Ecstasy - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

AI in Academia

In the University of Mississippi's Department of Writing and Rhetoric, Marc Watkins, a self-proclaimed AI guru, is navigating the transformative impact of large language models like ChatGPT on student learning. These AI tools significantly alter how students engage with writing and reading, sometimes even taking over these tasks for them. Watkins' approach to faculty meetings often starts with the quip, "Remember what I told you last week? Forget it," highlighting the rapidly evolving nature of AI in educational settings and its profound implications for teaching methodologies. Opinion | How AI is transforming education at the University of Mississippi - The Washington Post (gift article).

Spice Odyssey

The article How cinnamon, nutmeg and ginger became the scents of winter holidays, far from their tropical originsexplores how these spices, originally from tropical regions, have become synonymous with winter holiday festivities in the Northern Hemisphere. These spices, known for their 'warm' flavors, have a rich global trade and exploration history. Ginger, used in sweet and savory dishes, requires 8-10 months to mature and can be harvested year-round. Nutmeg, derived from the Myristica fragrans tree in Indonesia, takes years to reach peak production, offering nutmeg and mace from its seeds. Cinnamon, harvested from tree bark, is best collected after heavy rains or soaking in water. These spices add distinctive flavors to holiday dishes and offer health benefits. Cinnamon, for instance, can reduce blood glucose levels, ginger aids digestion, and nutmeg has anti-diabetic properties. Their integration into winter holiday traditions is a testament to the enduring influence of the spice trade and the global exchange of culinary practices.

The Elusive World of Hidden Carcinogens

The article The Fight Against Cancer Turns to a Special Class of Carcinogens in The New Yorker delves into the complexities of identifying and understanding carcinogens that don't directly cause mutations in cells but play a crucial role in cancer development. It highlights the limitations of traditional methods like the Ames test in detecting these carcinogens. The piece explores the work of scientists like Bruce Ames, Allan Balmain, and Charles Swanton, who have contributed to our understanding of carcinogenesis. The article discusses how certain substances, while not directly mutagenic, can act as cancer promoters by altering the environment around cells or interacting with pre-existing mutations. This exploration into the 'dark matter' of carcinogens challenges the conventional approach to cancer research, suggesting a need to broaden our perspective and methodologies to include these elusive cancer-promoting agents.

Aging Gracefully

A BLUEPRINT FOR ANTI-AGING (Apple News+) provides valuable insights into the aging process and offers practical tips for maintaining a youthful appearance and prolonging lifespan. The document covers a range of lifestyle factors that can impact aging, from the importance of exercise and a healthy diet to the benefits of good oral hygiene and quality sleep. Additionally, the PDF explores the biological hallmarks of aging and offers advice for measuring biological age at home. With helpful tips on everything from wearing sunscreen to strength training, this document is a must-read for anyone looking to age gracefully.

Filing For Ecstasy

MAPS Public Benefit Corp. has taken a groundbreaking step by filing an application with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to approve MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, combined with therapy for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This marks a significant milestone in the journey of psychedelic drugs from restricted substances to potential mainstream medical treatments. The application follows decades of research showing the potential of psychedelics like psilocybin and ketamine in treating mental health disorders. If approved, MDMA-assisted therapy would be the first of its kind, potentially setting a precedent for future psychedelic treatments. The treatment involves psychotherapy sessions supplemented with MDMA, aiming to provide a new avenue for those suffering from PTSD. This development reflects a growing recognition of psychedelic treatments, with the FDA increasingly acknowledging their potential therapeutic value. MAPS seeks approval of Ecstasy- or MDMA-assisted therapy - The Washington Post.

MedLM in Medicine

Google's new suite of health-care-specific AI models, MedLM, is set to leave its mark on healthcare. MedLM includes large and medium-sized models built on Med-PaLM 2, a language model trained on medical data. This innovation aims to assist clinicians and researchers in complex studies and summarizing doctor-patient interactions. Companies like HCA Healthcare have been testing Google's technology, using it for tasks like automatic documentation of patient interactions and developing tools for nurse handoffs. While the technology shows promise in improving workflows and reducing clerical work, challenges such as accuracy and implementation remain. Google plans to further enhance MedLM with health-care-specific versions of Gemini, its newest AI model, indicating a significant step towards AI integration in healthcare. How doctors are using Google's new AI models for health care.

Many Holiday Returns

The Atlantic has a curated list of articles on shopping returns. "When my colleague Amanda Mull ventured into the belly of the holiday-returns beast, she learned that somewhere amid a complex system of transporters, warehousers, and resellers, a guy named Michael has to sniff the sweatpants." The Fate of Your Holiday-Season Returns - The Atlantic.

Pillow Talk

Do Sleeping Pills Work? A Guide to Insomnia Drugs and Their Risks - The New York Times (gift article) offers a guide to insomnia medications, their potential risks, and when they should be used. With a variety of prescription and over-the-counter options available, including suvorexant and antihistamines, this article explores the golden age of insomnia drugs. Experts advise limited use, cautioning against habit-forming tendencies and emphasizing the importance of consulting a healthcare provider. Whether it's a short-term relief or a last resort, this informative piece provides valuable insights into managing sleep issues while shedding light on the complexities of sleep medication dependency and safe withdrawal methods.

036 - Xenopharmacology, Serious Play, and the Happiest Country on Earth - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Phages and Multi-Resistant Bacteria

What will we use when traditional antibiotics are no longer effective? Many believe we will use phages: In the War on Bacteria, It's Time to Call in the Phages

Prebiotics > Probiotics

Probiotics are not the panacea the industry would lead you to believe: Probiotic supplements claim to boost gut health, but may do opposite (gift article). See also Are Probiotics Making You Fat? probiotics, prebiotics, and fermented food — HealthHippieMD

Telehealth Facility Fees. Really?

I read an interesting story about facility fees. It doesn't seem right patients are charged a facility fee, even if they don't visit the facility. Making a telehealth appointment? You might still pay a facility fee. (gift article)

Hiccups and Cancer

Here is an article with everything you'd like to know about hiccups and a few things you might not: Hiccups have a curious connection to cancer

The Neuroscience of Spiritual Experiences

What is the science behind spiritual experiences, and how do they work from a neuroscientific standpoint? I learned quite a bit from the video: The neuroscience of spiritual experiences +More on mysticism and spirituality: The psychedelic origins of ancient mystical rites

Dad Jokes

Ever wonder why dads are singled out for their groan-worthy humor? This article is for you: What Makes a 'Dad Joke'?

Humor's Impact on Happiness

Here are some valuable hints on humor and happiness from the "How to Build a Life" Series: You Can Tell Bad Jokes and Have a Great Sense of Humor

You Could Care Less

"Humans, by nature, are social beings who crave connection, intimacy, and relationships. Caring about what others think of us is part of that desire to make connections and feel accepted." But what if you put too much weight on what others think? How to Not Care What People Think: 15 Expert Tips. See also: Why You Should Stop Caring What Other People Think (Taming the Mammoth) - Wait But Why

Tofu

The New York Times tackles tofu. Is it healthy or not? Is Tofu Good for You?

How Psychedelics Influence Depression

Psychedelic psychotherapy is all the rage now. What is the science behind psychedelics' potentially beneficial effects on mental health? How psychedelic drugs may help with depression | National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Xenopharmacology

I'm fascinated by this topic, especially for pharmaceutical-dependent areas of medicine such as anesthesiology. As always, Scientific American publishes scientific ideas on the cutting edge. Further kudos to SI for featuring a neighbor (Matt Redinbo) in their article: How Gut Microbes Shape Our Response to Drugs

Animals and Childhood Allergies

An article in the Economist summarized a recent study published in PLOS One. "Children in households with dogs, the researchers found, had lower rates than average of allergies to eggs, milk, and nuts. Those cohabiting with cats seemed more tolerant of eggs, wheat, and soybeans. However, children whose parents kept "turtles" (terrapins, in particular, are popular pets in Japan) appeared unaffected. And, curiously, those exposed to hamsters appeared more likely than average to be allergic to nuts." More evidence that animals reduce childhood allergies

FDA's Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database

"To help manufacturers, retailers, and consumers of dietary supplements stay informed about recent developments and locate information on FDA's website quickly, we have put together an "ingredient directory" with links to FDA's actions and communications concerning particular dietary ingredients and other ingredients used in products marketed as dietary supplements." Dietary Supplement Ingredient Directory

Tripping in the Bronze Age

"A new study based on strands of hair found in a Spanish burial cave reveals that humans living about 3,000 years ago used hallucinogens, likely derived from local plants, as part of their rituals." Tripping in the Bronze Age

On the Topic of Earworms

Everything you'd like to know about the musical phenomenon of Earworms: Song Stuck in Your Head? What Earworms Reveal About Health

Pet Head-Tilts

Dogs have many endearing behaviors. One of my favorites is the head-tilt: Why do dogs tilt their heads? It may signal intelligence.

Finland: The Happiest Country on Earth?

Finland once again led the list of the world's happiest countries. The why is far from cut and dry: "It turns out even the happiest people in the world aren't that happy. But they are something more like the content." Why Is Finland the Happiest Country on Earth? The Answer Is Complicated.

Getting to the Bottom of Fatigue

Fatigue is an important sign. Here is what to pay attention to Fatigue can have many causes. There are ways to ease it. (gift article)

Spring Cleaning (Your Brain)

Here are some tips from WaPo on using the Spring to revamp your life: How to spring clean your brain (gift article)

Play, Video Games, and Learning

Much of my research over my last years at Duke had to do with the use of video games in education and patient care. Here is a look at state of the art in the field: To Supercharge Learning, Look to Play [^1] See also Education is Broken and my other lectures at Presentations on my ePortfolio.

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[^1]: I own shares of Akili Interactive whose EndeavorRx is mentioned in the article.

032 - Bayesian Thinking, Cadavers, and Medical Unions - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

House Staff Local 131

I read an article about physicians unionizing. Although there has been talk about this for quite some time, I did not realize it had already happened in several locations: Doctor Unions Are Good for Your Health

Avatar Now

What do you get when you combine the immersive collaborative experience of an escape room with a video game? You get a Gamebox. Immersive Video Games Are Coming to a Theater Near You

The Plant Whisperer

Are plants sentient? I'm still not convinced, but this scientist theorizes they might be. What Plants Are Saying About Us - Nautilus

Spring Ahead

I read an article from a sleep scientist about the downsides of Daylight Savings time. The report convinces us that we should be on a permanent Standard Daylight schedule, not a permanent Daylight Savings schedule, as is currently suggested in a Congressional Bill.Springing forward into daylight saving time is a step back for health – a neurologist explains the medical evidence and why this shift is worse than the fall time change

Swiss Miss

The iconic Matterhorn of the Swiss Alps will no longer be seen on the wrappers of Toblerone chocolate bars after production moves from Switzerland to Slovakia. Where are Toblerone chocolate bars made?

Taking Control of What you Read on the Internet

Here is an article on the 25-year-old technology, RSS feeds: It's time to take back control of what we read online. I use RSS feeds in various ways. For my daily news, I rely on Feed Bin and Unread. I previously wrote about the ways I use RSS in scholarly activities: Unlock the Power of RSS feeds with DEVONthink — Workflows in Personal and Professional Productivity

This is your Brain on Art

"Art is not a luxury for our downtime, but an important contributor to physical and mental well-being..." I couldn't agree more, especially regarding music. How art, music, and dance affect your brain and body. (gift article)

Non-Nutritive Sweeteners

Artificial sweeteners are in various foods, from bread and cereal to tortillas and greek yogurt. Here is an article on the dark side of sugar substitutes: How sugar substitutes sneak into foods and affect your health (gift article)

Healthy, Redefined

The FDA is cracking down on commercial foods that may be labeled 'healthy.' The food companies are resisting: FDA is redefining 'healthy,' and the food industry is pushing back (gift article)

Personality Testing in the Workplace

Many years ago, I went down the rabbit hole, taking any personality test I could get. Although many personality tests (i.e., MBTI) have not been validated, they are increasingly used to make workplace decisions. Personality testing is now a $2 billion industry. The $2 Billion Question of Who You Are at Work (gift article)

The Argument for Moving Closer to Your Friends

"Many people are prepared to move for a new job, to be with a romantic partner, or even just for an adventure. Moving to be closer to buddies should be no different. Friends are not incidental to a good life; they're essential to one. So why not shorten the distance between you and them?" Live Closer to Your Friends

Health Podcasts Worth Listening To

....at least according to the NY Times. I am going to check out a few of these: Here Are 12 Health Podcasts Worth Listening To (gift article)

What Fuels Teen Anxiety?

Reformers have argued for fewer hours in a workweek. Yet, simultaneously, demands on our children at school have increased. Many believe the time needed to become attractive college applicants at the root of teen anxiety: "Richer and more complex economies require more rigorous and intense education, putting more pressure on kids to be high-achieving perfectionists." We're Missing a Key Driver of Teen Anxiety

Does your Microbiome Influence Interest in Exercise? (pre-clinical)

An interesting article in WaPo about how, in mice, the microbiome influences interest in exercise: How your microbiome may influence your motivation to exercise - The Washington Post (gift article)

Cannabis and Anesthesia

An article in the Economist discusses how cannabis influences the amount of drugs needed for adequate anesthesia. Cannabis and anesthesia do not mix

A Short History of Medical Cadavers

Medical students traditionally dissect cadavers while learning anatomy. Ever wonder where the bodies come from? From grave robbing to giving your own body to science – a short history of where medical schools get cadavers "Where many Americans once regarded medical students as "butchers" for exploiting their beloved dead, contemporary students honor what some of these future doctors call their "first patients" for the precious gift they have been given."

Bayes' Rule

After seeing all the evidence, how strongly should you believe something? That question is at the heart of Bayesian thinking, named after the Reverend Thomas Bayes. Here is an interesting video explaining Bayes Rule: Harvard professor explains Bayes' rule and an interesting article on how to use Bayesian Thinking to influence our relationships: Bayes and Deadweight: Using Statistics to Eject the Deadweight From Your Life.

012 - Phages, Cravings, and Fasting for Cancer - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Helping Loved Ones Through a Medical Crisis

"...ask if they'd like you just to listen or if they need help with problem-solving. Then respect their answer." is often good advice when speaking with close friends or loved ones but is especially important if the person you care about is facing a severe medical crisis: How to help a loved one through a medical crisis

Phages

Medicine is struggling with more and more drug-resistant bacteria. A future without effective antibiotics is almost incomprehensible. The article, Viruses to Fight Superbugs, talks about the renewed interest in phage therapy. A friend (and phage researcher) gave me the book The Perfect Predator: A Scientist's Race to Save Her Husband from a Deadly Superbug. Adding the text to my queue.

Long-Covid and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Another article on how the symptoms of Long-Covid are influencing insight into another poorly understood disease, myalgic encephalomyelitis, or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Long COVID Has Forced the U.S. to Take Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Seriously

White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health

It has been 50 years since the American government showed a significant interest in nutrition. The White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health, took place on Wednesday and began with a statement by President Biden outlining their commitment before the meeting. Here is a commitment fact sheet released just before the conference: FACT SHEET: The Biden-Harris Administration Announces More Than $8 Billion in New Commitments as Part of Call to Action for White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health. The call to action is focused on five pillars:

• Pillar 1 – Improve Food Access and Affordability
• Pillar 2 – Integrate Nutrition and Health
• Pillar 3 – Empower Consumers to Make and Have Access to Healthy Choices
• Pillar 4 – Support Physical Activity for All
• Pillar 5 – Enhance Nutrition and Food Security Research I'm anxious to see what other recommendations emerge from this historic conference.

F.D.A. Changes Definition of Healthy Food

The F.D.A. is trying to catch up with nutrition science and limit the burden of diet-related diseases. On Wednesday, the F.D.A. announced a new proposal to change the criteria for which packaged foods may be labeled "healthy." See the news article, F.D.A. Moves to Change 'Healthy' Food Definition. It's exciting to see our government focus on food's important influence on health.

Fasting and Cancer

Here's another video in the fasting and cancer series at Nutrition Facts: Fasting-Mimicking Diet Before and After Chemotherapy

Online Atlas of The Microbiome and Their Metabolites

Our microbial passengers have co-evolved along with us. Under normal conditions, the microbiome works synergistically with human physiology and biochemistry to maintain physical and mental well-being. A recent study, An online atlas of human plasma metabolite signatures of gut microbiome composition, found strong links between certain bacteria living in the gut and small molecules found in the blood. Read the study here: Microbiome and Metabolite Links Uncovered Using Online Atlas. Thanks, Gary!

Why Does Exercise Stick?

Virtually everyone agrees that physical activity is essential for health. Yet less than 5% of us get the recommended 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week. The article How Hard Should Your Workout Be, looks at the factors that make a difference in maintaining an exercise habit.

The Season of Mindfulness and Resilience

If you are prone to Season Affective Disorder, Fall Is the Season for Building Mindfulness and Resilience - The New York Times has some good advice for you.

Cravings and the Addicted Brain

Humans crave all sorts of things, from substances (e.g., alcohol, nicotine, opiates ) to activities (e.g., gambling, sex, or social media). Substance addictions lend some insight into the nature of human craving. Why the pull of addictive cravings is so hard to resist has lots to say.

Quote of the Week

"You can't help what you feel, but you can help how you behave" ― Margaret Atwood.