119 - Gratitude, Giving, Hypochondria, and Chocolate - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Gratitude and Giving

Gratitude isn't just good manners—it's good mental health. A recent meta-analysis revealed a robust inverse relationship between gratitude and loneliness, showing that feeling thankful fosters connection and reduces isolation. Simple practices, like journaling three daily blessings or writing gratitude letters, help shift focus from negativity to positivity. This "gratitude muscle" strengthens with use, improving emotional resilience and overall well-being. Experts emphasize that gratitude doesn't demand perfection, only consistent effort. Whether acknowledging a friend's kindness or savoring small joys, gratitude offers a powerful antidote to loneliness and a path to mental clarity. Gratitude can improve our mental health. Here's how to create a practice. - The Washington Post (gift article).

+see also: Get Happier, Help Others: Some - Cautionary Tales with Tim Harford - Apple Podcasts

+see also: Why Giving is a Great Daily Ha - The Happiness Lab with Dr. Laurie Santos - Apple Podcasts

The Surprising Upside of Future Focus

Staying resilient can be difficult in challenging times, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. A study involving performing artists found that while mindfulness—being present in the moment—has benefits, hopefulness was a more effective strategy for resilience. Hope, a belief in an effort toward a better future, helped participants stay engaged, maintain positive emotions, and explore new possibilities during the pandemic. The study suggests that mindfulness isn't a one-size-fits-all solution and that cultivating hope can be a powerful tool for navigating prolonged adversity. Hope Can Be More Powerful Than Mindfulness | Scientific American.

Ketones and Brain Health

Ketone Bodies Clear Damaged Proteins in the Brain - Neuroscience News highlights ketone bodies as not just energy sources during fasting but also as "cleaners" for damaged proteins in the brain. The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate helps clear misfolded proteins through autophagy, reducing harmful protein aggregation. Tested in Alzheimer's and aging mouse models, treated animals showed improved brain health and protein quality control. This discovery links metabolism to aging and neurodegeneration, suggesting ketone bodies as potential therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases by enhancing protein clearance and supporting brain function. (Thanks, Amy!)

Your Friends Are Closer Than You Think

Recent research in remote Honduran villages reveals that our microbiomes are shaped by our social circles—direct friends and their connections. The study found that people who frequently interact, even without living together, share up to 10% of their gut microbes, compared to only 4% among those who don't. This suggests that social networks might play a significant role in health, potentially influencing conditions like depression and obesity through microbiome transmission. While this could reshape our understanding of health, close contact is still beneficial overall. Your Friends Shape Your Microbiome—And So Do Their Friends | Scientific American.

Aging Piecemeal

New research reveals that aging is not a uniform process—our organs, cells, and body parts can age at different rates. This study from Stanford highlights "organ aging," where, for example, someone's heart may age faster than their brain, or vice versa. Understanding the unique aging trajectory of each organ—your "ageotype"—could help manage health risks by customizing lifestyle choices. Factors like exercise and diet significantly influence which organs age more rapidly, suggesting that some aspects of aging are within our control. Why your organs may be aging faster (or slower) than the rest of you - The Washington Post (gift article).

Wealth of Wisdom

In the latest Huberman Lab podcast, host Dr. Andrew Huberman converses with Morgan Housel, author of The Psychology of Money. They explore how our attitudes toward earning, saving, and spending money shape our psychological well-being and perceptions of wealth. The discussion delves into common financial pitfalls, such as overspending and excessive saving, and offers strategies to use money to achieve psychological security, freedom, and a deeper sense of purpose. The episode also examines the effects of social media and wealth signaling on our internal reward systems, highlighting the importance of adopting healthy financial mindsets to enhance overall happiness. Morgan Housel: Understand & Apply the Psychology of Money to Gain Greater Happiness - Huberman Lab - Apple Podcasts.

The Chemistry Behind Balanced Learning

A recent study from Stanford reveals dopamine and serotonin work like opposing pedals: dopamine is the accelerator for rewards, while serotonin acts as the brakes, moderating impulsive behaviors. Both neurotransmitters are crucial for effective learning, enabling a balanced approach to reward-seeking and patience. Researchers used optogenetics in mice to demonstrate that dopamine increases during rewards while serotonin decreases, showing their opposing but complementary roles. These insights have potential implications for treating psychiatric conditions like addiction and depression, where the balance between these systems is often disrupted. Dopamine and Serotonin Work in Opposition for Effective Learning - Neuroscience News.

How Exercise Can Make or Break Your Sleep

Regular exercise can boost sleep quality, but the key lies in moderation and timing. High-intensity workouts late in the day may hinder restful sleep by elevating stress hormones and increasing core body temperature. For individuals with insomnia, following a structured moderate exercise routine, such as walking or cycling, can support better rest. Experts recommend pairing aerobic activity with mindfulness practices like yoga, tailoring workout intensity to individual needs, and maintaining consistent schedules to optimize sleep and recovery. How to Exercise for Better Sleep - The New York Times (gift article).

A Bitter-Sweet Revelation

A large study comparing dark and milk chocolate reveals that dark chocolate might offer metabolic benefits, potentially lowering the risk of Type 2 diabetes. The research analyzed health data from nearly 192,000 participants over 30 years, concluding that those who consumed at least five ounces of dark chocolate weekly had a 21% lower risk of developing diabetes than those who didn't. Milk chocolate offered no similar benefits, likely due to higher sugar content. The study suggests moderation is key, as dark chocolate is also higher in beneficial plant compounds like flavonoids. So, it turns out dark chocolate isn't just good for your soul—it might also keep your sugar in check. Talk about a sweet deal! What's the healthiest type of chocolate? A new study offers an answer. - The Washington Post (gift article).

Hypochondria - More Than Just In Your Head

Hypochondria, or intense health anxiety, is an actual mental illness with serious consequences, including higher risks of physical harm and suicide. It's not just "in your head"—it affects lives profoundly, sometimes leaving people unable to function normally. Recent research has distinguished two forms: illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder. Effective treatments like cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and antidepressants are showing promise. Cyberchondria—over-researching symptoms online—often worsens anxiety. Recognizing hypochondria as a legitimate condition is crucial for compassionate care and positive outcomes. Why Hypochondria Can Be Deadly, and How Newer Treatments Help | Scientific American.

099 - Forest Bathing, Ripple Effects, and Brain Gains - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

A Wellness Bot in Hot Water?

Big banks and VCs are wary of an AI bubble, but Arianna Huffington dives in. Teaming up with OpenAI’s Sam Altman, she announced a hyper-personalized AI health coach via Thrive Global. This bot, trained on peer-reviewed science and personal data, aims to improve daily habits and reduce health inequities. However, skepticism arises from Huffington’s history with health pseudoscience, charlatans, and Altman’s controversial ventures. While AI has potential in healthcare, critics question the efficacy and equity of this initiative, warning it could perpetuate existing biases and inequalities. Why Arianna Huffington and Sam Altman Are Such a Catastrophic Pair to Make a Health App-Slate.

Mental Wealth Management

Navigating mental health treatment can be daunting due to a variety of options and a shortage of providers. A clinical psychologist, Bryan Cochran, emphasizes recognizing distress and impairment as the first step. Diagnosis and referrals are crucial for treatment, often starting with primary care. Insurance can complicate access, but many communities offer sliding-scale services. Therapy types and effectiveness vary by condition; combining medication with therapy can enhance outcomes. A strong therapist-client relationship significantly impacts success, making it essential to find the right fit. Despite challenges, pursuing mental health care is a valuable endeavor. Navigating mental health treatment options can be overwhelming – a clinical psychologist explains why it’s worth the effort.

+And how professional athletes are changing popular beliefs about mental health: By revealing their mental health struggles, pro athletes are scoring with fans.

Fiber Face-Off: Food vs. Supplements

In Is a Fiber Supplement Just as Good as Fiber From Food? - The New York Times (gift article), experts weigh in on whether fiber supplements can match the health benefits of fiber-rich foods. While supplements can aid digestion and alleviate issues like constipation and bloating, they lack the vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial compounds in whole foods. Dr. Denise Millstine emphasizes that fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains offer comprehensive health benefits, including reduced inflammation and lower disease risk.

Tree-ting Stress Naturally

Forest bathing, or shinrin-yoku, is a therapeutic practice from Japan that immerses individuals in nature to promote health. Pioneered by Dr. Qing Li, this method reduces stress, lowers blood pressure, and enhances mood and immune function without side effects. Studies reveal significant health benefits, including reduced anxiety, improved sleep, and elevated anticancer proteins. Accessible even in urban parks, forest bathing involves simple activities like walking, tai chi, or mindful observation of nature. Embracing this practice not only improves human health but also fosters environmental conservation. Opinion | Forest bathing as a side effect-free antidote for stress - The Washington Post (gift article).

+and a story on NPR about preschools in the forests of Colorado: Colorado is the 2nd state to approve licenses for outdoor preschools | KUNC.

Weight Loss Showdown

A new study in JAMA Internal Medicine reveals that Eli Lilly’s tirzepatide, the active ingredient in Mounjaro and Zepbound, significantly outperforms Novo Nordisk’s semaglutide (Ozempic and Wegovy) for weight loss. Researchers analyzed the health records of 41,000 patients over 12 months, finding that tripeptide users lost up to 15.3% of their body weight compared to 8.3% with semaglutide. The results have propelled Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk to the top of the pharmaceutical market, though Novo Nordisk highlights the study’s limitations and the comprehensive benefits of its drugs. Mounjaro is better for weight loss than Ozempic: study.

Intermittent Fasting Myths Busted

Intermittent fasting, practiced by one in 10 Americans, must be understood despite its popularity. A new study debunks four myths: it doesn’t harm sex hormones, leads to greater muscle loss than other diets, worsens diet quality, or promotes eating disorders. Instead, it can safely aid weight management and metabolic health by reducing overall calorie intake without altering food choices. The simplicity of fasting schedules makes it a sustainable option for many, offering benefits like reduced body fat and improved cellular function. Debunking four popular myths about intermittent fasting.j

Brain Gains: Age is Just a Number

In Can we change how our brains age? Scientists think it’s possible, scientists explore how lifestyle and technology can decelerate brain aging. Communities like Loma Linda’s Blue Zone show that diet, social interaction, and mental stimulation extend lifespans. AI and MRI technology advances allow for early detection and treatment of brain aging signs. Researchers like Dr. Andrei Irimia and companies like Brainkey are pioneering methods to predict and manage brain health. Sleep, depression treatment, and innovative biotech approaches are crucial in maintaining cognitive vitality, offering hope for a healthier, longer life.

Ripple Effects: How the Brain Chooses Memories

Neuroscientist György Buzsáki explores how the brain decides what to remember by studying sharp wave ripples—high-frequency brain waves fired during rest. His research shows these ripples are crucial in tagging and consolidating meaningful experiences into long-term memories. When animals rest, these ripples replay specific neuronal activity sequences from recent experiences, signaling which memories to retain. This phenomenon underscores the importance of sleep and rest in memory formation, as awake and asleep brains use these sharp wave ripples to filter and solidify memories. How the Brain Decides What to Remember-Wired.

Cracking the Autism Code

A new study in Nature Microbiology reveals that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have unique gut microbiomes. By analyzing over 1,600 stool samples, researchers identified distinct biological markers in autistic children, which could lead to more objective diagnostic tools. Current diagnostic methods rely heavily on subjective observations, which can be error-prone. This groundbreaking research opens the door for earlier, more accurate diagnoses and interventions, though more validation is needed, especially across diverse populations. The findings represent a significant step towards understanding the biological underpinnings of ASD through the gut microbiome. Children With Autism Carry Unique Gut Flora, Study Finds - The New York Times (gift article).

091 - Meta Heads, Embracing Solitude, and The Brain's Immunity Master Switch - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

The Brain's Immunity Master Switch

In a groundbreaking study, A body–brain circuit that regulates body inflammatory responses | Nature, researchers led by Charles Zuker at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute discovered that the brainstem plays a crucial role in controlling the immune system. This revelation challenges the long-held belief that immune regulation is solely within the immune system. Using advanced genetic techniques, the team identified specific brainstem neurons that, through the vagus nerve, can either boost or suppress inflammation. This finding opens new avenues for treating immune disorders by targeting this brain-immune axis, potentially transforming the approach to managing diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and toxic shock syndrome. Very exciting! Finding a Master Immune System Controller | HHMI(Thanks, Miriam!).

Siri-ous Competition

OpenAI's latest release, GPT-4o, showcased its advanced capabilities in a live demo, positioning it as a game-changer in natural human-computer interaction on iPhones. This new model demonstrated storytelling, visual understanding, and multilingual conversation interpretation, all within the updated ChatGPT app. The impressive features of GPT-4o signal a potential end for Siri and similar voice assistants, which lag in functionality and responsiveness. Major tech companies like Apple and Samsung are racing to integrate generative AI into their devices, highlighting software as the new frontier in smartphone innovation. This Is the Next Smartphone Evolution - The Atlantic.

Avo-lution

The United States of Avocado | TASTE explores the growing popularity of avocados in the United States, from their rising role as a baby's first food to their integration into various cuisines and cultural dishes. Avocados, celebrated for their nutritional benefits and mild flavor, have doubled consumption in the U.S. since 2001. The article also delves into the avocado industry's expansion, including direct-to-consumer models and the challenges of maintaining quality and affordability. Despite issues like the involvement of organized crime in Mexican avocado production, the fruit's global appeal continues to rise, influencing food trends and diets. (Thanks, Dave / NextDraft!).

Bite-Sized Triumphs

Breaking large goals into smaller, flexible subgoals can significantly enhance goal achievement, as confirmed by a recent study published in the Journal of Applied Psychology. The study involved over 9,000 volunteers from Crisis Text Line, revealing that those assigned weekly or biweekly subgoals volunteered 7-8% more hours than those with a broad annual target. This incremental approach mirrors techniques in language learning apps and savings programs, proving effective across various contexts by making daunting tasks feel more manageable and achievable over time. The Secret to Accomplishing Big Goals Lies in Breaking Them into Flexible, Bite-Size Chunks | Scientific American.

Meta Heads

The European Union has initiated an investigation into Facebook and Instagram over concerns about their addictive impact on children. This probe mirrors earlier inquiries into TikTok's influence on young users. Meta's platforms are being scrutinized for fostering excessive exposure to content about depression and unrealistic body images and for potentially allowing children under 13 to use their services. This investigation, led by EU's internal markets commissioner Thierry Breton, is part of the broader Digital Services Act enforcement, aiming to ensure safer online experiences for children. Meta Faces Fresh Probe Over 'Addictive' Effect on Kids | WIRED.

Weight and See

A four-year study on Wegovy (semaglutide) in Nature Medicine shows sustained weight loss in people with cardiovascular disease who are overweight or obese. Initial weight loss occurred in the first 65 weeks, plateauing after that but remaining stable for the study. The SELECT trial involved 17,604 participants and revealed an average weight reduction of 10.2% for those on Wegovy, compared to 1.5% for the placebo group. Despite limitations like demographic skew, the study supports Wegovy's use for long-term weight management in cardiovascular patients. Researchers now face questions about the drug's long-term usage and cost. Wegovy Can Keep Weight Off for at Least 4 Years, Research Shows | WIRED.

Embracing Solitude

We All Need Time Alone. Here's How to Embrace It (gift article) from The New York Times explores the importance of spending time alone and how to embrace it positively. Psychologists Robert Coplan and Thuyvy Nguyen explain that solitude, distinct from loneliness, offers emotional and physical benefits like stress reduction and increased creativity. They suggest practical tips for incorporating alone time into daily routines, such as tracking moods, engaging in personal hobbies, and setting boundaries with partners. The article encourages finding "micro-moments" of solitude at home or in public spaces to enhance well-being and maintain a healthy balance between solo and social time.

Plasticulture's Paradox

Plastic mulch revolutionizes agriculture by boosting crop yields, conserving water, and reducing pesticide use. However, it leaves behind massive amounts of waste at season's end. While economically and environmentally advantageous in some aspects, the thin, contaminated plastic is tough to recycle, often ending up in landfills or incinerators. Innovative solutions, like those from Revolution Sustainable Solutions, show promise in recycling agricultural plastics, but challenges remain. As biodegradable alternatives prove costly and inconsistent, the farm sector grapples with balancing efficiency and sustainability amidst growing plastic waste. Giant Heaps of Plastic Are Helping Vegetables Grow - The Atlantic

Mind Over Muscle

A study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals how exercise enhances brain health. When activated, muscles, rich in nerve cells, release compounds that boost cognitive function. Brain-muscle communication is crucial for producing proteins, mRNA, and hormones supporting neural growth. Regular exercise maintains these neural connections, promoting brain health. Researchers used a synthetic model to show that muscle stimulation increases brain-boosting substances' production. Although further research is needed to confirm these effects in humans, the findings highlight the profound link between physical activity and cognitive vitality. Why Exercise Is So Good For Our Brains According to A Wild New Study.

061 - Dementia Cafes, Slowing Aging, Misery, and Mattering - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Exercise and Brain Health

A recent study re-emphasizes the importance of aerobic AND strength training for brain health in our later years. "We found that those who incorporated aerobic exercises, such as swimming and cycling, and strength exercises like weightlifting into their routines – regardless of intensity and duration – had better mental agility, quicker thinking, and greater ability to shift or adapt their thinking." Aerobic and strength training exercise combined can be an elixir for better brain health in your 80s and 90s, a new study finds.

Build A Strength Training Habit that Sticks

I'm an avid walker but have a more challenging time making strength training part of my routine. The NY Times had an article about ways to make strength training a habit: Strength Training Beginners Guide: How to Make the Workout a Habit - The New York Times. (gift article)

Japan's Dementia Cafes

In Japan, where dementia poses a pressing national health challenge, a heartwarming establishment known as the "Cafe of Mistaken Orders" is making waves. This 12-seat cafe in Tokyo hires elderly individuals with dementia as servers once a month, offering them a chance to interact, stay active, and feel needed. Customers embrace their delightful mix-ups, creating a safe space where smiles outnumber forgotten orders. With Japan's aging population, these dementia cafes are a creative solution to address the chronic caregiver shortage and soaring elderly care costs. In aging Japan, dementia patients staff cafe of mistaken orders - The Washington Post. (gift article)

Sound Medicine: The Healing Power of Music

Music is now recognized for its potential to heal the mind and body. Recent research introduces the concept of "music medicine," highlighting the therapeutic benefits of actively engaging with music. Beyond a temporary mood boost, music has shown promise in alleviating symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and even reducing blood pressure. While music therapy involves professional guidance, music medicine involves simply listening to recorded music, making it accessible and effective. Music's ability to evoke emotions, entrain brain activity, and trigger neurochemical changes underscores its healing potential, offering a soothing prescription for life's woes. The big idea: could we use music like medicine? | The Guardian.

Food is Medicine Report

The Food is Medicine Institute at Tufts released "The True Cost of Food: Food is Medicine Case Study," a comprehensive report on how such an approach could have a myriad of health and economic benefits: Food is Medicine education could save millions of lives and billions of dollars.

If We Are What We Eat, We Don't Know Who We Are

The NY Times reviewed the new book, Ultra-Processed People: The Science Behind Food That Isn't Food: van Tulleken, Chris. I am adding this one to my reading list. Book Review: 'Ultra-Processed People,' by Chris van Tulleken - The New York Times.

Senolytics, Sirtuins, and the Race to Fight Aging

This month's Economist's Technology Quarterly focuses on the race to combat aging:

• Slowing human aging is now the subject of serious research
• Eating fewer calories can ward off aging
• Ageing bodies need to get rid of decrepit cells
• Some claim human lifespans can be lengthened indefinitely
• What the young can give to the old
• Fighting aging requires properly equipped cells
• Older genomes have more dodgy genes

One Man's Crazy Quest for Immortality

Time featured a story on Bryan Johnson, a tech entrepreneur developing a life-extension system called Blueprint. Some of the weirder parts of his regimen "include downing 111 pills daily, wearing a baseball cap that shoots red light into his scalp, collecting his stool samples, and sleeping with a tiny jet pack attached to his penis to monitor his nighttime erections." The story and hype made me nauseous. Bryan Johnson's Quest For Immortality | TIME.

Adding Life To Years

"It is not enough for a great nation to have added new years to life. Our objective must also be to add new life to those years." The New York Times featured an OpEd on the importance of healthspan, rather than longevity: Opinion | America's Next Public Health Moonshot Should Tackle Health Spans - The New York Times. (gift article)

Arthur Brooks on How to Banish Misery

Arthur Brooks wrote an article extracted from the thoughts of the philosopher Bertrand Russell: Eight Ways to Banish Misery - The Atlantic.

Science or Spin

In a world where skepticism runs deep, scientific research is scrutinized. Recent revelations by scientists admitting to manipulating their findings to secure publication have sparked controversy. Climatologist Patrick Brown confessed to simplifying his climate change paper for a top journal, while Kristian Andersen altered the language of a COVID-19 origins paper during peer review. While not fraudulent, such actions raise questions about the sincerity of research. While some argue it's a minor breach for the sake of dissemination, others worry about the downstream effects of insincerity, where subtle choices in research can sway public perception on topics like climate change and vaccines. The struggle for genuine scientific discourse continues amidst a landscape of doubt. The Banality of Bad-Faith Science - The Atlantic.

Mattering

"To matter, people must feel valued — heard, appreciated, and cared for — and like they add value in ways that make them feel capable, important, and trusted. It's a two-part definition: feeling valued and adding value." Mattering influences self-compassion, relationships, and achieving one's goals. Why 'Mattering' Is a Key Part of Mental Health - The New York Times. (gift article)

060 - CRISPR, Wellness Tech Warnings, and the Brain's Fountain of Youth - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

More on the Impact of AI on Science

More on how AI is revolutionizing science in the Economist: How scientists are using artificial intelligence (gift article) and Could AI transform science itself? (gift article).

CRISPR and the Microbiome

CRISPR pioneer and Nobel Prize winner Jennifer Doudna is focusing on the microbiome: Crispr Pioneer Jennifer Doudna Has the Guts to Take On the Microbiome | WIRED. I highly recommend Walter Isaacson's biography on Doudna: The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, Gene Editing, and the Future of the Human Race.

Big Tobacco Stains the Food Industry

"In a broader and much less restricting sense," an executive wrote, "R.J. Reynolds is in the flavor business." Although Big Tobacco is no longer in the food business, they left a terrible legacy: Many junk foods today were made and marketed by Big Tobacco - The Washington Post. (gift article)

Is Junk Food Addictive?

Recent studies suggest highly processed foods may have addictive qualities akin to drugs. Rats opt for sugar over cocaine, even enduring electric shocks for the sweet treat. Humans display similar behavior, consuming processed foods to the point of vomiting and diarrhea post-bariatric surgery. Daily snacking on these foods can rewire our brain's reward circuits, mirroring the cravings induced by cocaine. "In 2022, scientists published an opinion piece in the journal Addiction arguing that highly processed foods should be classified as addictive based on a 1988 Surgeon General report on tobacco products." Food Can Be Literally Addictive, New Evidence Suggests - Scientific American.

Healthy Diet Lowers Dementia Risk

Wapo had an article on the importance of diet in staving off dementia. Recent studies suggest the benefits occur even when started later in life: Eating heart-healthy foods also helps lower your dementia risk - The Washington Post. (gift article)

PANDA-monium: Infections Unmask Childhood Psychiatric Illnesses

Many doctors remain unaware PANDAS (Paediatric Autoimmune-Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus and its counterpart, PANS (Paediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome), or dismiss them as fictitious. This ignorance results in misdiagnoses, inappropriate treatments, and even parental accusations. Recent research suggests these disorders stem from an autoimmune reaction post-infection. The changing perception may have broader implications for understanding infections' roles in psychiatric conditions (for both children and adults), offering hope for early intervention and effective treatment. How common infections can spark psychiatric illnesses in children. (gift article)

Plasma, Platelets, and PF4: Searching for the Brain's Fountain of Youth

Groundbreaking research in mice may have revealed a key to rejuvenating aging brains. Neuroscientists have uncovered that platelets, specifically a group of molecules called Platelet Factor 4 (PF4), play a vital role in the age-reversal process. Three interventions—transfusions of young blood, the hormone klotho, and physical exercise—all harness PF4 to deliver their benefits to the brain. When 22-month-old mice were injected with young blood plasma or PF4, their cognitive age reversed dramatically. These findings, independently discovered by three research teams, offer new hope for combating age-related cognitive decline and unlocking the secrets of brain rejuvenation. Scientists uncover how young blood rejuvenates aging brains | BBC Science Focus Magazine.

Animal Communication Unveils Surprising Parallels to Human Language

Researchers are uncovering fascinating connections between animal communication and human language. For years, the belief in an unbridgeable gap between human language and animal communication prevailed. However, recent studies challenge this notion, revealing that various species possess intricate vocal learning abilities, from mice to dolphins. These findings suggest that language-related capacities may exist on a continuum across the animal kingdom. Scientists are now delving deeper into deciphering the meanings and intricacies of animal communication, shedding light on the evolution of language and our shared cognitive landscapes with other creatures. The Animals Are Talking. What Does It Mean? - The New York Times. (gift article)

+How AI is being leveraged to decode animal communication: Can We Talk to Whales? | The New Yorker and ‎Unexplainable: Can we talk to animals? on Apple Podcasts.

When the CIA, Artificial Intelligence, and Healthcare Collide

Palantir's Reputation Stalks Its Bid for the UK's National Health Data | WIRED is an interesting article about how Peter Thiel's big data analytics company (and surveillance government contractor), Palantir, is courting Britain's National Health Service for access to their data. What possibly could go wrong?

Big Tech Knows Your Most Intimate Health Details

Your most intimate health details have become data points in the digital realm. Tech giants, often unbeknownst to users, accumulate a treasure trove of personal health information through online interactions, from therapy sessions to fitness apps. Recent cases, like BetterHelp's data-sharing debacle, have exposed the extent of this information harvesting, raising concerns about privacy violations and potential harm. While some believe federal laws like HIPAA shield health data, the truth is more complicated. A fragmented regulatory landscape, limited enforcement resources, and the rapid evolution of technology call for comprehensive data privacy legislation to keep pace with the digital age. What Big Tech Knows About Your Body - The Atlantic.

Build a Real Music Collection

This author cites why she owns her music collection and eschews streaming: Want to Enjoy Music More? Stop Streaming It. - The New York Times. (gift article)

045 - Dying Brains, Frenemies, and the Physiology of Hangry - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Flavanols Combat Memory Loss in Aging Adults

A new study reveals that flavanols, nutrients found in select fruits and vegetables, are crucial in mitigating age-related memory decline. The research demonstrates a positive correlation between flavanol intake and memory test scores among older adults. Notably, individuals over 60 with low-flavanol diets experienced significant memory improvement after reintroducing these dietary components. This study supports the emerging understanding that specific nutrients are essential for maintaining optimal brain health as we age. By highlighting the power of flavanols, the research offers potential avenues for improving cognitive function in older adults and underscores the importance of a flavanol-rich diet or supplements. Memory Boosting Power of Flavanols in Aging Adults

Gut Check

Scientists have discovered the mechanism behind how chronic stress can lead to gut inflammation. Signals originating in the brain reach gut nerve cells, triggering the release of inflammatory chemicals. The study, The enteric nervous system relays psychological stress to intestinal inflammation glucocorticoids act on gut neurons and glial cells, which then activate immune cells. These immune cells release molecules that cause painful bowel inflammation. The findings suggest that managing stress levels could significantly impact the effectiveness of treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The research opens possibilities for targeting the brain-to-gut signaling pathway for new therapies. Chronic stress can inflame the gut — now scientists know why

Frenemies Take a Toll

According to psychologists, ambivalent relationships, known as frenemies, which combine positive and negative aspects, can be more detrimental to health than purely negative relationships. Research reveals that interacting with individuals who evoke mixed feelings can raise blood pressure and lead to negative physical symptoms. Even a single ambivalent interaction can have adverse effects on well-being. Unpredictability increases pain from unpleasant interactions, and rumination contributes to the negative impact of such relationships. Recognizing the harmful effects of frenemies is important for maintaining overall health and well-being. Opinion | Ambivalent Relationships May Be Hazardous to Your Health. (gift article)

The Neuroscience of Hangry

Neuroscientists have discovered a cluster of cells called AgRP neurons that stimulate appetite and play a vital role in the infamous "hangry" feeling. These cells near the brain's blood supply receive signals from the stomach and fat tissue, influencing our hunger levels. By manipulating AgRP neuron activity in mice, researchers have identified how they trigger food-seeking behavior and respond to the presence of nutrients. This breakthrough could lead to new therapies for eating disorders like anorexia and overeating. By understanding and controlling the hangry feeling, scientists hope to revolutionize our ability to manage our diets effectively. Neuroscientists May Have Found the Part of Your Brain That Makes You Hangry

Electrical Activity Surges in the Dying Brain

A new study reveals that dying brains experience a surge of electrical activity, challenging the assumption that brain activity decreases during dying. Researchers monitored four comatose patients who died in a neurointensive care unit and observed a surge of neurophysiological activity in regions associated with conscious processing. This surge included increased synchronization and connectivity between different brain regions. While the study doesn't directly explain near-death experiences, it suggests that the observed brain activity pattern may contribute to the vivid perceptions reported during such experiences, prompting further investigation into the nature of human consciousness. Scientists monitored four dying patients' brains. Here's what they saw . In the late 2000s, David Auyong and I observed the same phenomenon while on call: Processed electroencephalogram during donation after cardiac death.

Biochemistry of Psychedelics, BDNF, and Neuroplasticity

Psychedelics promote plasticity by directly binding to BDNF receptor TrkB | Nature Neuroscience reveals that LSD and magic mushrooms dramatically rewire the brain, offering new possibilities for treating depression. The research conducted by an international team of scientists from the University of Helsinki shows that, at least in a test tube, these psychedelics bind to a protein called receptor tyrosine kinase beta (TrkB), which activates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF plays a crucial role in neuron growth and development. This discovery paved the way for developing safer and more effective treatments for mental health disorders. LSD and Magic Mushrooms Dramatically Rewire the Brain, New Study Reveals.

AIHits (Generative AI Music and Podcasts)

"What makes pop work is that it's always changing and always responding. This is just a feedback loop between systems." AI is having a profound effect on artistic expression in music. Now there's a website to listen to. AI Could Usher in a New Era of Music. Will It Suck?

+The Generative AI gold rush is on in the podcasting space, too, as if the genre wasn't already overcrowded: Generative AI Podcasts Are Here. Prepare to Be Bored.

The Evolutionary Significance of Dreaming

"REM [sleep] has been crucial to human creativity."The evolutionary significance of dreaming is an interesting video on BigThink.

External Stressors Affect Cancer Mortality

Surprise, surprise! Higher allostatic load, a quantitive measure of the cumulative physiological damage from stress, is associated with worse cancer outcomes: Evidence Emerges Showing External Stressors Adversely Affect Cancer Outcomes

Sucralose-Genotoxic?

At least in test tubes, new evidence shows that Sucralose (Splenda) can disrupt DNA. "It's time to revisit the safety and regulatory status of sucralose because the evidence is mounting that it carries significant risks." Sucralose Damages DNA, Linked to Leaky Gut: Study (thanks, Diana!)

018 - Living Medicines, Dangerous Cookware, and Toad Licking - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

No Matter Your Age, Improving Your Diet can Extend Your Life - NEJM

At any age, a healthy diet can extend your life is a recap of the 2018 NEJM Paper, Association of Changes in Diet Quality with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality. The take-home message is "No matter how old you are or how much junk food you consume, it's never too late to start undoing the damage caused by a poor diet."

Gut Check

Radiolab replayed an episode on the importance of your gut: Radiolab: Guts. The episode features stories on a UC Davis fistulated cow, the microbiome, the gut-brain axis, and autoimmune disease. As my daughter exclaimed when she sent me the episode, "This is the most dad-like episode I've ever listened to." She knows me well.

Psychedelics and End-of-Life Care

Colorado approved the legalization of medicinal psilocybin on Tuesday. A physician and nurse wrote an opinion piece on How Psychedelics Can Transform End-of-Life Care.

Wood-Wide Web

Do the trees in the forest "talk" to one another? The debate continues. The Wood Wide Web: Scientists Debate Whether Trees Really Talk (paywall-I'm waiting for my gift articles to replenish)

The Race to Develop "Living Medicines."

This Gulp of Engineered Bacteria Is Meant to Treat Disease features a company engineering E. coli, a gut bacteria, as therapeutic agents. Microbiome therapeutics is a hot area of development these days, with a market expected to grow to $1.5 billion by 2027. Here is a list of some of the top microbiome startups by the amount of funding raised: Top 10 Microbiome startups. (disclosure - I own shares of Seres Therapeutics and Finch Therapeutics)

Dangerous Cookware

The EPA has labeled "forever chemicals," such as PFAS—perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl, commonly found in traditional nonstick pans, hazardous substances. That means your nonstick pans are now considered dangerous. Teflon Nonstick Pans Are Bad. Consider These Alternatives discusses the various options to replace your cookware. Time to get my Le Creuset out of storage!

National Park Service Asks Visitors to Stop Licking Toads

Stop licking psychedelic Sonoran Desert toads, National Park Service says is an article about attempts to stop visitors from sampling Bufotoxin, a potent hallucinogen, secreted by Sonoran Desert Toads. The article reminded me of one of my favorite NPR radio stories ever: The Dog Who Loved to Suck on Toads. (listen, don't read)

Cell Senescence, Immunology, Stem Cells, and the Gut

Longevity by Design: Dr. Jennifer Elisseeff—Regenerative Medicine and Immunology was a fascinating discussion about aging, tissue repair, immunology, and cell senescence. The part that most excited me was her current studies investigating the role of the microbiome in stem cell activation. I'm going to track down some of Dr. Elisseeff's papers.

COMPASS Synthetic Psilocybin Study - NEJM

In 003 - Mad Honey, Frisson, and Psychedelic Capitalism I mentioned the controversy behind COMPASS and their attempts to corner the psychedelic market via intellectual property. This week, COMPASS published the results of a study in the NEJM: Single-Dose Psilocybin for a Treatment-Resistant Episode of Major Depression. Here is an article summarizing the findings: A single dose of psilocybin may alleviate major depression for 12 weeks, study finds.

Quiet Quitting and Going to the "Neutral Zone."

"More of us want to find ways to align our work with our values. And for some of us, those values have changed." Post-pandemic, many people are considering the nature of their employment and, in many cases, "quiet quitting." Quiet quitting is a work phenomenon in which employees do no more than the minimum required by the rules of their contract or job. The author of Have you quietly quit? Your next step: Go to the neutral zone recommends rather than jumping directly into a new job, to take time to reflect before drastically changing the way we work and live. The ZigZag Project is a great resource to help contemplate your professional direction.

How do "Super-Agers" Maintain Their Cognitive Abilities?

Super-agers are elderly individuals for whom aging doesn't seem to impact cognitive abilities. "SuperAgers" with super memory have super neurons summarizes a study attempting to figure out why.

Dietary Fiber and the Efficacy of Immunotherapy

The article, More fiber for the microbiome may boost immunotherapy cancer drugs is an overview of recent studies demonstrating an increased efficacy of immunotherapy drugs based on dietary intake. The microbiome mediates the effect.

Brain Training with Crossword Puzzles

A study published in NEJM Evidence has found that regularly attempting a crossword may help slow decline in some people with mild cognitive impairment, an early stage of faltering memory that can sometimes progress to dementia. Read the summary of the study here: Crossword puzzles may benefit people with mild cognitive impairment .

Quote

"The future influences the present just as much as the past."- Friedrich Nietzsche

015 - Deja Vu, Pilates, and Recycling Theater - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Fight for the Soul of Pilates

An interesting story in the NY Times about the fight over Joseph Pilate's legacy (gift article) The Fight for the Soul of Pilates.

Technology and Shallow Relationships

It's well-known that frequent social media use contributes to feelings of loneliness and depression. Despite this, technology use accelerated during the pandemic. Arthur Brooks talks about how to combat over-reliance on technology in our relationships: Technology Can Make Your Relationships Shallower.

Predicting Long-Covid

A manuscript published this week, Early immune markers of clinical, virological, and immunological outcomes in patients with COVID-19: a multi-omics study, describes the use of multi-omics and machine learning to predict individuals who will develop long-covid.

Banana Genealogy

Everything you wanted to know about the origins of the modern banana: The Search Is on for Mysterious Banana Ancestors.

The Paradox of Atypical Anorexia

Eating disorders can affect anyone of any body, shape, or type. I learned quite a bit from 'You Don't Look Anorexic.' (gift article)

Lessons from a "Difficult Patient"

I enjoyed an essay in the NY Times about how medicine, in many ways, has lost its humanity. The article, Lessons From a 'Difficult Patient' (gift article), follows one physician's internal journey as she cares for a challenging patient throughout her training.

Understanding Deja Vu

I learned a few new things about the neuropsychological underpinnings of deja vu in the article: What is déjà vu? A psychologist explains this common but creepy phenomenon.

More Terramation

It seems like stories about human composting are everywhere. This article was in Slate: Composting offers a greener way to dispose of human remains.

Brain Cells on a Chip Learn to Play Pong

I found this article on brain-machine interfaces: Brain cells on a chip learn to play Pong within 5 minutes. Although the title is a bit sensational, I still find the concept disturbing.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Brain Health

In a new study, Omega-3's Linked to Improved Brain Structure and Cognition at Midlife, , the authors opined increasing omega-3 fatty intake might help preserve brain health and cognition in middle age. We still don't understand the mechanism of how omega-3 fatty acids work in the brain. My guess is the mechanism involves our endogenous endocannabinoid system, as I mentioned in 006 - Loneliness, Mucus, and Cannabinoids - HealthHippie Week In Review.

Return on Investment for Employee Wellness Programs

Michael Greger released the first video in a series focused on the business case for offering wellness programs in corporate environments: The Return on Investment (ROI) for Employee Health and Wellness Programs. His take after reviewing the literature: $3 returned for every $1 spent.

Rethinking Healthy Eating in Terms of the Microbiome

I loved the manuscript, Rethinking healthy eating in light of the gut microbiome. The manuscript synthesizes a wide range of information from around the world and makes recommendations on what constitutes healthy eating by promoting a healthy gut microbiome. I will be referring to this paper for a time to come.

The Rocky Road of Aspartame

I've had a long-standing interest in non-nutritive sweeteners. Aspartame, only one of many artificial sweeteners, is a multi-billion dollar product. Aspartame: Decades of Science Point to Serious Health Risks is a compilation of the primarily negative data on the multi-billion dollar substance. For a less critical view, see: The_History_of_Aspartame

Think You Are Responsible with your Recycling? Think again.

The article Big Plastic Wants You to Think You Can Recycle Your Yogurt Container, was eye-opening for me. Only a tiny fraction of plastics are recycled, and there is incredible resistance to doing so, given the cost. The take-home point of the article for me: buy fewer products made of ANY plastic.

Our Pets, Our Microbiome

I enjoyed reading Does owning a pet boost your gut health? on how humans and our animal companions swap bacteria -likely beneficial to our overall health and well-being. The one downside of the article is not being able to unsee the phrase "fecal patina."

Behold Envy, The Happiness Killer

Arthur Brooks tackles the topic of envy in the article How to Stop Being So Envious. The article touches on social comparison, social media, and the importance of authenticity. In addition, he offers a few practical suggestions to minimize the role of envy in your life.

Making Better Use of Antidepressants

I learned a lot from the article, How to make better use of antidepressants (pay-wall). I did not realize that 10-15% of the population is on antidepressants, many for a very long time. With the serotonin theory of depression recently called into doubt coupled with a re-examination of this class of drug's efficacy (only about 15% response rate, mainly in severely depressed), it is likely time to reexamine our overuse of these medications, especially in the elderly.

New Evidence Linking the Microbiome to Rheumatoid Arthritis

The 2017 paper, Evidence of the Immune Relevance of Prevotella copri, a Gut Microbe, in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis, hypothesized that a protein produced by a common gut bacteria, Prevotella copri, could trigger the immune system and lead to arthritic inflammation. A new study summarized in New evidence linking gut bacteria with rheumatoid arthritis development provides further evidence supporting the 2017 hypothesis.

Quote of the Week

"Without music, life would be a mistake." - Friedrich Nietzsche (thanks, Lauren!)