112 - Nourishing Medical Minds, People Pleasing, and A New Leash on Life - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

A New Leash on Life for Modern Dogs

As society shifts toward urban living, dogs are undergoing a new wave of domestication, adapting to our modern lifestyles. Historically valued for their work ethic and protective instincts, today’s pets are expected to be calm, friendly, and adaptable companions. Service dogs exemplify this transformation, showcasing friendliness and social bonding traits that reflect early domestication patterns. These dogs offer a blueprint for a new type of pet, where temperament, not just appearance, becomes the breeding focus. This shift promises to reshape the future of our beloved canine companions. Dogs Are Entering a New Wave of Domestication - The Atlantic.

Nourishing Medical Minds

A panel of experts has urged medical schools to integrate comprehensive nutrition education into their curricula, citing diet as a significant factor in seven of the ten leading causes of death in the U.S. In a new consensus statement published in JAMA Network Open, the panel outlined 36 key nutrition competencies for medical training. Despite the undeniable link between diet and health, most medical programs offer little to no instruction on nutrition. The panel emphasizes that improving doctors’ understanding of nutrition can greatly enhance patient care and disease prevention strategies. Panel recommends medical nutrition training, citing diet disease risks - The Washington Post (gift article).

Bot or Not

Generative AI platforms like Character.AI enable users to create chatbots impersonating real people, often without their consent, leading to ethical dilemmas. A notable case involves the unauthorized creation of a bot modeled after Jennifer Ann Crecente, a teen murdered in 2006. Her father, Drew Crecente, discovered this AI bot mimicking his daughter’s identity, bringing fresh grief. Despite Character.AI’s policies, countless non-consensual bots remain. Legal protections lag, leaving those impersonated with little recourse as the line between digital personas and personal privacy blurs in this rapidly evolving space. Anyone Can Turn You Into an AI Chatbot. There’s Little You Can Do to Stop Them | WIRED.

+see also: A murdered high-schooler’s image was used to create an AI chatbot - The Washington Post.

Metformin’s Miss

Metformin, a widely used diabetes drug, once sparked hopes of being a cancer-fighting breakthrough. Early studies suggested that the drug could reduce cancer risk and enhance chemotherapy effects, but subsequent large-scale trials failed to confirm these benefits. Researchers now attribute earlier positive findings to flaws like “immortal time bias” and excessively high doses used in lab studies. While metformin remains promising for other conditions like aging and dementia, its potential as a cancer treatment has been largely dismissed, with experts calling for more cautious optimism. This Common Diabetes Drug Was Thought to Revolutionize Cancer — Here’s What Happened Instead.

Peptide Promises

‘GLP-1’ Has Become an Empty Buzzword - The Atlantic delves into the growing trend of “GLP-1” supplements, marketed as alternatives to weight-loss drugs like Ozempic. Despite their catchy association with GLP-1 agonists, these supplements pale in comparison to the actual effectiveness of obesity drugs. While the natural hormone GLP-1 is released after eating and influences satiety, the supplements only offer a minor boost in GLP-1 levels. Their marketing preys on consumers seeking a cheaper, non-pharmaceutical solution, but in reality, they repurpose common ingredients, leaving people with little more than hollow promises.

Rethinking Obesity

A Gen X physician reflects on his earlier misconceptions about obesity, realizing that it is a complex, mostly neurological, and inheritable disease rather than simply a result of laziness or poor choices. He acknowledges how his success with weight loss led to a condescending attitude toward patients who struggled, failing to recognize their unique genetic predispositions. With the introduction of GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy, the doctor is cautiously optimistic that science can finally offer effective treatments for obesity, moving beyond outdated assumptions about personal responsibility.​ I was once condescending to obese patients. I regret it. - The Washington Post (gift article).

Ozempic Tackles More Than Just Weight

Recent studies reveal that Ozempic, widely known for treating type 2 diabetes and aiding weight loss, might also reduce addiction-related behaviors. Researchers from Loyola University found that those on the drug had significantly lower rates of opioid overdose (40%) and alcohol intoxication (50%) compared to non-users. The findings, derived from analyzing over a million health records, suggest that GLP-1 receptor agonists may influence addiction, though the exact mechanisms remain unclear. While promising, further research is needed to confirm the drug’s potential in addiction treatment. Ozempic Might Help Treat Two Common Addiction Disorders.

People-Pleaser Predicament

How to Stop Being a People Pleaser - The New York Times (gift article) delves into the common habit of people-pleasing, where individuals prioritize others’ needs at the expense of their own. Experts explain how this behavior often stems from childhood or social anxiety and initially offers satisfaction by gaining approval. However, it can lead to resentment and emotional burnout. The article offers practical tips to set boundaries, manage pushback, and overcome fears of rejection. The focus is on building self-worth, prioritizing personal needs, and embracing balance in relationships to prevent feeling drained by constant people-pleasing.

A Playbook for the Heart

Seven Ways to Love Better - The New York Times (gift article) by Daniel Jones, editor of the Modern Love column, reflects on two decades of curating stories about love. He distills seven essential lessons learned from thousands of submissions. Love, he argues, thrives on curiosity, empathy, and impermanence. Relationships should be handled like basketballs, and they should be able to bounce back from conflict. Success is not measured by longevity but by impact. Whether it’s appreciating fleeting moments or navigating difficult separations, Jones emphasizes the importance of being present, open-minded, and grateful for every connection, no matter how brief.

103 - Erythritol Issues, Diet over Drugs for I.B.S., and Preventing Cancer - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

The Risky Truth Behind Erythritol

A recent study reveals that erythritol, a popular sugar substitute found in products like Truvia and Splenda, may increase the risk of heart attack and stroke by elevating platelet activity, which can lead to blood clot formation. The study compared erythritol with sugar and found that while sugar did not affect platelet activity, erythritol significantly did. Despite being classified as “generally recognized as safe” by the F.D.A., this research calls for further long-term studies to assess the cardiovascular risks of erythritol and similar sugar substitutes. This Popular Sugar Substitute May Put Your Heart at Risk, A New Study Reveals.

Rolling Towards Relief

The F.D.A. is nearing a decision on the approval of MDMA-assisted therapy for treating PTSD, a move that could revolutionize psychedelic medicine. This potential approval has sparked a bipartisan lobbying effort from veterans, lawmakers, and researchers, advocating for the drug’s benefits despite concerns over trial data. The therapy, combining MDMA with talk therapy, has shown promising results in reducing PTSD symptoms, but challenges remain, including the stigma surrounding psychedelic drugs and the need for rigorous data. The F.D.A.’s decision could set a precedent for future treatments in the burgeoning field of psychedelic medicine.Veterans and Lawmakers Lobby for Approval of MDMA Therapy - The New York Times (gift article).

+despite the lobbying by some powerful groups, the F.D.A. did not approve MDMA: F.D.A. Officially Rejects MDMA-AT as PTSD Treatment | DoubleBlind Mag.

The Lingering Toll

A recent global study estimates that 400 million people have experienced long-term COVID-19, highlighting the ongoing and severe impact of the condition. With only 7-10% of patients recovering fully within two years, long Covid poses significant challenges for healthcare systems and economies, costing an estimated $1 trillion annually. The report stresses the need for more research into treatments and biological mechanisms while recommending policy changes to support affected individuals. The study underscores the far-reaching effects of long-term COVID-19 on individuals’ lives, work, and communities. About 400 Million People Worldwide Have Had Long Covid, Researchers Say - The New York Times (gift article).

Gender Prescription

Recent research suggests that patients under the care of female doctors have better outcomes than those treated by male doctors. This trend, observed across multiple countries, remains puzzling despite consistent data supporting it. Various factors, such as attentiveness to symptoms and quality of care, are posited as reasons, but the exact cause of this gender discrepancy is still unclear. While the findings provoke thought, they also underline the need to explore how gender influences medical care quality and patient survival rates. Do women make better doctors than men? (gift article).

Beyond the Scale

GLP-1 agonists like semaglutide and tirzepatide, known for their weight loss effects, reveal broader health benefits. Initially developed for diabetes, these drugs show promise in enhancing heart health, protecting kidneys, reducing sleep apnea, and even combating addiction and cognitive decline. Clinical trials highlight their potential to lower cardiovascular risks, reduce inflammation, and support brain health, suggesting these medications may act on multiple body systems beyond weight control. As research progresses, GLP-1 drugs could redefine their role in health promotion, not just weight loss.The Benefits of Ozempic Are Multiplying | WIRED.

Parasites as a Neurological Delivery System

Scientists are exploring using the parasite Toxoplasma gondii as a novel drug delivery system for brain diseases. The blood-brain barrier often prevents effective treatment of neurological conditions, but Toxoplasma naturally crosses this barrier. Researchers have engineered the parasite to deliver therapeutic proteins directly into neurons, potentially offering new treatments for disorders like Rett syndrome. However, the inherent risks of Toxoplasma infection, including its link to neurological issues, present significant challenges before this method can be used in clinical settings. Ick. How Do You Get Drugs to the Brain? Maybe Try a Parasite | WIRED.

Mind Games

Are You Psychic? Nudge, Nudge explores the concept of “population stereotypes,” a psychological phenomenon that explains how predictable human responses can create the illusion of telepathy. Through engaging examples, the author demonstrates how large groups of people consistently choose certain numbers and symbols, making it appear as though psychic abilities are at play. The article delves into the history of these demonstrations, including Uri Geller’s famous televised telepathy act, and uncovers how understanding these patterns can debunk claims of paranormal activity.

Preventing Cancer

# I’m an oncologist. Here’s what I do to reduce my own cancer risk (gift article) explores five practical steps to reduce cancer risk, emphasizing the importance of modifiable behaviors. Key strategies include vigilant sun protection to minimize U.V. exposure, limiting alcohol intake to reduce various cancer risks, abstaining from smoking to lower the likelihood of lung and other cancers significantly, incorporating daily exercise to lower risks of several cancers, and maintaining a balanced diet by avoiding sugary drinks, fast food, and processed meats. While some cancer risks are unavoidable, these proactive measures can play a significant role in prevention.

Diet Beats Drugs for I.B.S. Relief

Irritable bowel syndrome (I.B.S.) is a challenging condition with symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating, and irregular bowel movements. Traditional treatments often include medications like laxatives and antidepressants. However, a new study published in The Lancet highlights that dietary changes, specifically a low-FODMAP diet, may offer more effective symptom relief than medication. This approach, which involves avoiding certain carbohydrates that trigger symptoms, is gaining recognition as a powerful tool in managing I.B.S. for many sufferers. What’s the Best Way to Treat I.B.S.? - The New York Times (gift article).

093 - Electric Dreams, Face Time, and Your Gut on Salt - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Face Time

Unlike virtual connections, regular face-to-face interactions with friends significantly enhance physical and mental health. Studies reveal that in-person meetings boost the immune system, reduce stress, and improve overall well-being, comparable to the effects of a Mediterranean diet. Frequent physical contact, such as hugs, also benefits the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, lowering inflammation and improving sleep. Additionally, our sense of smell and neural synchrony are crucial in forming deeper, more empathetic connections. Decreased time spent with friends underscores the importance of rekindling in-person socializing for better health. In-person friendships are better for health than virtual connections - The Washington Post (gift article) (Thanks, Amy!).

Paws-in

The viral "paws-in" challenge on TikTok sees dogs imitating their owners by placing a paw atop a stack of human hands. The trend delights viewers, showcasing dogs' ability to mimic, seek attention, and connect with their human families. Experts highlight the role of training and innate behavior in dogs' responses. Even if some dogs don't join in perfectly, their varied reactions—using their muzzle or looking for cues—emphasize the deep bond between humans and their pets. The challenge underscores the joy and heartwarming connection pets bring to their owners' lives. Dogs are doing the viral 'paws in' challenge. Here's why. - The Washington Post (gift article).

Electric Dreams

Researchers have explored using electricity to control the immune system for over a decade, promising a revolution in treating chronic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. Despite substantial investment, electroceuticals—implants designed to replace drugs—haven't yet fulfilled their early promise. Meanwhile, new research into bioelectric medicine shows potential for innovative treatments, including fast-healing bandages and cancer therapies. The field faces challenges, including precise targeting and overcoming biases toward nervous system-centric approaches. As research evolves, the dream of electrically hacking the body for better health remains an electrifying possibility. The decade-long quest to hack the body's immune system with electricity | MIT Technology Review.

+see also: 091 - Meta Heads, Embracing Solitude, and The Brain's Immunity Master Switch - HealthHippieMD Week In Review — HealthHippieMD.

Mediterranean Eating May Boost Brain Health

A new study in Nature Aging suggests the Mediterranean diet, rich in fatty acids, carotenoids, and vitamin E, may slow cognitive decline. Researchers from the University of Illinois and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln found that participants aged 65-75 with delayed brain aging had larger brain volumes, better connectivity, and higher cognitive scores. Essential nutrients included α-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid from fish and plants, carotenoids from colorful vegetables, and vitamin E from nuts and oils. While promising, the study calls for further research across diverse populations. New Study Suggests Mediterranean Diet May Slow Cognitive Decline.

Cognitive Harmony

Understanding cognition requires viewing the brain's large-scale coordination of neural activity, driven by rhythmic electric fields, rather than focusing on individual neurons. MIT neuroscientists argue that brain rhythms, once dismissed as mere byproducts, are crucial for organizing neural activity. These rhythms influence cognition and could be key to treating disorders like schizophrenia and epilepsy. Brain waves like beta and gamma rhythms coordinate complex cognitive tasks, acting like stencils guiding neural activity. Scientists hope to unlock deeper insights into how thoughts and memories form and function by studying these rhythms. To understand cognition, neuroscientists must learn its rhythms - Big Think.

The Brain-Belly Connection

In this episode of the Huberman Lab Podcast, Stanford's Dr. Andrew Huberman hosts Dr. Diego Bohórquez of Duke University. Dr. Bohórquez, an expert in gastrointestinal physiology and neuroscience, delves into the gut-brain axis, focusing on how our gut senses food. Unlike the popular microbiome focus, Dr. Bohórquez explores how our gut detects nutrients like amino acids, fats, and sugars, akin to how our eyes sense light. This episode reveals the intricate sensory mechanisms within our digestive system, offering a deeper understanding of how our gut communicates with our brain. ‎Huberman Lab: Dr. Diego Bohórquez: The Science of Your Gut Sense & the Gut-Brain Axis.

Following the Pharma Funds

How much Big Pharma is paying doctors discusses the financial relationships between doctors and pharmaceutical companies, highlighting the Open Payments website. This platform, run by Medicare, allows the public to see the payments made to doctors by healthcare companies. A recent JAMA study revealed that many physicians endorsing products on social media have received payments from the companies behind these products. The article emphasizes the importance of transparency in understanding these financial ties and their potential impact on healthcare costs and quality in the U.S.

Your Gut on Salt

Excessive salt, though essential historically, disrupts the gut microbiome, likely contributing to health issues like high blood pressure, heart disease, and metabolic disorders. Modern diets, laden with processed foods, exacerbate these problems. High sodium intake alters beneficial gut bacteria, leading to inflammation and metabolic disruptions and increasing cravings and weight gain. Reducing salt intake and focusing on unprocessed, plant-based foods can help maintain a healthy microbiome and prevent disease. The push for lower sodium in diets faces challenges from industry lobbyists, but evidence for its necessity continues to grow. How Salty Food Can Poison Your Microbiome.

Jazz Mind and Flow

Researchers at Drexel University's Creativity Research Lab studied how jazz musicians reach a creative "flow state." They discovered that flow involves a balance between expertise and releasing focus. Using EEG, they recorded the brain activity of 32 jazz guitarists, finding that flow states correlated with reduced frontal lobe activity, indicating low cognitive control. Experienced musicians showed enhanced sensory brain activity. The study suggests achieving flow requires extensive practice and the ability to let go of conscious control, allowing automatic, creative responses. This dual approach can help in mastering any creative task. Brain Scans of Jazz Musicians Reveal How to Reach a Creative' Flow State' | Scientific American.

+see also: We all can reach a "flow state." Here's how. - Big Think.

085 - Healthcare AI, Love's Faces, and Crafting a Sharper Mind - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Timing is Everything

The optimal time for exercise is influenced by circadian rhythms, which govern physiological and behavioral patterns over a 24-hour cycle. Research shows that exercise timing can impact health and athletic performance. Morning exercise may help align the body's circadian rhythms, while afternoon exercise is often associated with peak physical performance. Muscle cells have their clocks, which can be trained to optimize performance at specific times of day. Consistency in exercise timing may also be beneficial for long-term health. Studies are exploring how exercise timing can be used to manage conditions like metabolic syndrome and diabetes, with some evidence suggesting that afternoon exercise may be more beneficial for those with Type 2 diabetes. However, the science is not yet settled, and individual preferences and schedules should be considered when determining the best time to exercise. Best time to exercise? How circadian rhythms affect your workout and your health: Shots - Health News : NPR (thanks, Wendy!).

Love's Familiar Faces

The concept of a romantic "type" may stem from psychological comfort rather than random attraction. Studies suggest we're drawn to partners with similarities in physical, psychological, and educational traits, often due to demographic factors and "assortative mating." Familiarity also plays a role, as we may seek partners who remind us of past relationships, reinforcing our perceptions of love. Understanding these patterns can help us consciously navigate our romantic choices, recognizing the importance of openness and self-awareness in our relationships. Where Your Romantic 'Type' Comes From - The Atlantic.

Allergy Apocalypse

In a conversation with Yasmin Tayag from The Atlantic, the "allergy apocalypse" is discussed as rising temperatures contribute to longer and more intense pollen seasons. Traditionally marked by tree pollen in early spring, followed by grasses and ragweed, allergy seasons are now starting earlier and lasting longer due to warming temperatures and increased carbon dioxide levels. This change has led to more people experiencing allergy symptoms, even those who previously had a higher tolerance for pollen exposure. The article also explores the impact of allergies on daily life and the limited options for managing symptoms, emphasizing the need for precautions like checking pollen counts and reducing exposure. The increasing pollen levels are causing individuals to spend less time outdoors, impacting their relationship with nature and the enjoyment of warmer seasons. The allergy apocalypse is here - The Atlantic.

Weighing the Odds

Altimmune's experimental weight loss drug, Pemvidutide, has shown promising results in a phase-2 trial, successfully minimizing muscle mass loss. In contrast to other weight loss drugs, which often lead to a higher rate of lean muscle loss, Pemvidutide's clinical study of 391 subjects revealed an average weight loss of 16% over 48 weeks, with 75% of this loss attributed to fat and only 25% to lean mass. This ratio closely mirrors that achieved through diet and exercise. The preservation of lean mass is crucial, especially for women and older people, as excessive loss can result in conditions like sarcopenia and bone fractures. Amidst the booming demand for weight loss drugs, several pharmaceutical companies are racing to introduce new and improved options, with Novo Nordisk even developing a more potent drug following the success of Wegovy and Ozempic.

Daniel Kahneman's Legacy of Learning from Errors

The world lost a titan this week. Daniel Kahneman, the renowned psychologist and Nobel laureate, passed away at 90, leaving a legacy of intellectual humility. Known for his groundbreaking work in behavioral economics and cognitive biases, Kahneman was unique in his persistent admission of his own mistakes, both in public and private. His book, Thinking, Fast and Slow reflects his lifelong journey of self-correction, highlighting the human propensity for errors and the importance of acknowledging them. Kahneman's approach to science was marked by constantly reevaluating his beliefs and an openness to learning from mistakes, a rare quality that made his contributions to psychology and economics invaluable. Even in the face of controversies, such as the reproducibility crisis in psychology, he remained a proponent of rigorous scrutiny and honesty in scientific research. Kahneman's work and willingness to admit faults have left an indelible mark on the field, emphasizing the importance of embracing our fallibility and striving for greater understanding. Daniel Kahneman Was Sometimes Wrong, and Always Right - The Atlantic.

Crafting a Sharper Mind

The New York Times article explores the cognitive and emotional advantages of engaging in hands-on activities like writing, gardening, and knitting. Neuroscience Professor Kelly Lambert highlights the brain's significant investment in hand movement and suggests that working with our hands may offer unique rewards, such as improved problem-solving skills and stress management. Studies indicate these activities can enhance memory, attention, and mental health. Moreover, handwriting, in particular, has been shown to stimulate more elaborate brain activity compared to typing. While the exact mechanisms remain under investigation, the consensus is that hands-on tasks, which require fine motor control and mental engagement, can benefit brain health and well-being. Working With Your Hands Is Good for Your Brain - The New York Times. (gift article).

Healthcare AI in the Economist

The latest Technology Quarterly features AI in healthcare:

• AIs will make health care safer and better
• Artificial intelligence has long been improving diagnoses
• Medical AIs with human faces are their way
• Artificial intelligence is taking over drug development
• Can artificial intelligence make health care more efficient?

Nerve-aid

Neurona Therapeutics' experimental epilepsy treatment, involving brain-cell transplants, shows promising early results. Justin Graves, a volunteer in the trial, experienced a significant reduction in seizures after receiving lab-made neurons injected into his brain. Developed as a breakthrough for stem-cell technology, this treatment uses cells converted to an embryonic-like state to manufacture young, healthy tissue. The therapy aims to restore balance in brain activity by growing inhibitory interneurons that quell electrical misfires causing seizures. While the treatment's long-term efficacy and consistency are yet to be confirmed, the initial success stories offer hope for a new, non-destructive approach to treating epilepsy, potentially shifting the current surgical paradigm. Brain-cell transplants are the newest experimental epilepsy treatment | MIT Technology Review.

065 - Opposites Don't Attract, Black Licorice, and Cognitive Reserves - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Association Between Red Meat Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Risk

A comprehensive study recently published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition has identified an association between the frequency of red meat consumption and an increased likelihood of Type 2 diabetes development. "After adjusting for other factors, including physical activity and alcohol intake, the researchers found that the more servings of red meat that people ate, the more likely they were to develop diabetes." The research, which encompassed the analysis of dietary patterns and medical records of approximately 217,000 health professionals, particularly highlighted a heightened risk associated with processed meats, including bacon, hot dogs, and lunch meats. While the study delineates correlation rather than causation, it suggests that dietary modifications, such as reducing red meat consumption and emphasizing plant-based proteins, could decrease the associated risks. Eating Red Meat May Increase Type 2 Diabetes Risk, Study Suggests - The New York Times. (gift article)

A.I.'s Fresh Perspective on Food Preservation

Rancidity, the unsavory side effect of oxidation, challenges food quality and safety. Researchers have traditionally relied on antioxidants to counteract this, but determining the right mix can be complex and time-consuming. Enter artificial intelligence. Scientists have harnessed A.I. to predict the optimal combinations of antioxidants, offering a more precise approach to food preservation. While initial results showed discrepancies between A.I. predictions and lab tests—especially with lard—continued data input fine-tuned the model's accuracy. With AI's predictive prowess, the future of food preservation may see enhanced efficiency and broader applications. Can A.I. Help Stave Off Food's Expiration? - The Atlantic.

Déjà Vu: A Glimpse into Memory's Mysteries

Déjà vu, that uncanny feeling of having "been here before" has puzzled humanity for ages. Anne Cleary delves deep into this phenomenon, suggesting it's more than a quirky brain glitch. Historically, explanations have varied from mere double perception to complex memory-based theories. Recent research from Cleary's lab proposes that déjà vu might be an evolutionary tool, sharpening our attention for survival. Interestingly, around two-thirds of people experience déjà vu, often triggered by familiar settings. While the sensation remains enigmatic, Cleary's exploration suggests a blend of memory, perception, and, perhaps, a touch of irony from our brains. Déjà vu – a window on the past and a key to human survival | Aeon Essays.

Personalized Nutrition: The Government Wants You!

The U.S. federal government has initiated a comprehensive study to delve deeper into personalized nutrition. While established dietary guidelines offer a general roadmap for health, individual responses to food can vary due to genetics, gut microbiomes, and other factors. The National Institutes of Health, with a budget of $189 million, is set to recruit 10,000 adults over five years. This study, titled "Nutrition for Precision Health," aims to understand how individuals metabolize and react to different diets. The ultimate goal is to utilize this data to create machine-learning algorithms for bespoke diet plans, moving beyond the conventional one-size-fits-all approach. What's the best diet? A federal study aims to find out. - The Washington Post. (gift article) ^

The Mediterranean Diet

The New York Times, back in January, published a great article on the Mediterranean Diet: The Mediterranean Diet Really Is That Good for You. Here's Why. - The New York Times (gift article)

Healthcare Workers and Burnout

The C.D.C. published a new study on the American Workforce. They found that healthcare workers were disproportionately burned out compared to other professions surveyed. "Prior to Covid, we knew that many hospitals were understaffed, that health care workers were burning out," Dr. Debra Houry, the chief medical officer at the C.D.C., said in an interview on Tuesday. "I think Covid escalated that, and I think it just really strained the system." Why Health Care Workers Are Burning Out - The New York Times. (gift article)

The Unspoken Privacy Revelations of A.I.

Recent research has unveiled that advanced chatbots can discern significant personal information from seemingly innocuous conversations. These chatbots, trained on vast amounts of web content, are adept at identifying subtle linguistic patterns, enabling them to accurately infer details such as a user's race, location, and occupation. This capability raises concerns about user privacy and hints at a potential shift in advertising strategies, where chatbots could be used to construct detailed user profiles. As technology advances, the line between anonymity and transparency becomes increasingly blurred. A.I. Chatbots Can Guess Your Personal Information From What You Type | WIRED.

Introverts Guide to Extroversion

Laurie Santos's Podcast this season focuses on social connection. This week, I listened to The Introvert's Guide to Extroversion. As a card-carrying introvert, I found many of the suggestions helpful (and a bit terrifying).

Busting the Opposite Attract Myth

A recent large meta-analysis in Nature Human Behavior blows up the myth that in relationships, opposites attract. In fact, "like attracts like." "Opposites attract" is a myth. Partners often share traits - Big Think.

Brain Bank

We may finally know how cognitive reserve protects against Alzheimer's explores the concept of cognitive reserve and how it can help protect our thinking abilities as we age. It discusses the latest research on the mechanisms behind cognitive reserve and how education, lifestyle, and social engagement can all contribute to building mental reserves. The file also includes a retirement quiz and other helpful resources to help plan for a comfortable future. Overall, it emphasizes the importance of exercising the brain throughout life and taking steps to maintain cognitive health. (requires Apple News+ Subscription)

American Friendships by the Numbers

A recent study by the Pew Research Center provides an in-depth analysis of friendship patterns in the U.S. The research reveals diverse friendship circles, encompassing members from hobby groups to neighbors and classmates. A significant 61% of U.S. adults deem close friendships as pivotal to leading a fulfilling life, surpassing the importance of marriage, children, or financial wealth. While a majority (53%) report having between one to four close friends, there's a concerning 8% with no close friendships, highlighting a potential loneliness issue. How many friends do Americans have? A survey crunched the numbers : NPR. (thanks, Dave Pell, NextDraft)

Black Licorice

Happy Halloween! Beware if you plan to raid your family's candy stash, especially if you prefer authentic black licorice. Here are some of the health implications of binging on black licorice (but not red) from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Medicine. Licorice Root - NCCIH.

060 - CRISPR, Wellness Tech Warnings, and the Brain's Fountain of Youth - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

More on the Impact of AI on Science

More on how AI is revolutionizing science in the Economist: How scientists are using artificial intelligence (gift article) and Could AI transform science itself? (gift article).

CRISPR and the Microbiome

CRISPR pioneer and Nobel Prize winner Jennifer Doudna is focusing on the microbiome: Crispr Pioneer Jennifer Doudna Has the Guts to Take On the Microbiome | WIRED. I highly recommend Walter Isaacson's biography on Doudna: The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, Gene Editing, and the Future of the Human Race.

Big Tobacco Stains the Food Industry

"In a broader and much less restricting sense," an executive wrote, "R.J. Reynolds is in the flavor business." Although Big Tobacco is no longer in the food business, they left a terrible legacy: Many junk foods today were made and marketed by Big Tobacco - The Washington Post. (gift article)

Is Junk Food Addictive?

Recent studies suggest highly processed foods may have addictive qualities akin to drugs. Rats opt for sugar over cocaine, even enduring electric shocks for the sweet treat. Humans display similar behavior, consuming processed foods to the point of vomiting and diarrhea post-bariatric surgery. Daily snacking on these foods can rewire our brain's reward circuits, mirroring the cravings induced by cocaine. "In 2022, scientists published an opinion piece in the journal Addiction arguing that highly processed foods should be classified as addictive based on a 1988 Surgeon General report on tobacco products." Food Can Be Literally Addictive, New Evidence Suggests - Scientific American.

Healthy Diet Lowers Dementia Risk

Wapo had an article on the importance of diet in staving off dementia. Recent studies suggest the benefits occur even when started later in life: Eating heart-healthy foods also helps lower your dementia risk - The Washington Post. (gift article)

PANDA-monium: Infections Unmask Childhood Psychiatric Illnesses

Many doctors remain unaware PANDAS (Paediatric Autoimmune-Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus and its counterpart, PANS (Paediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome), or dismiss them as fictitious. This ignorance results in misdiagnoses, inappropriate treatments, and even parental accusations. Recent research suggests these disorders stem from an autoimmune reaction post-infection. The changing perception may have broader implications for understanding infections' roles in psychiatric conditions (for both children and adults), offering hope for early intervention and effective treatment. How common infections can spark psychiatric illnesses in children. (gift article)

Plasma, Platelets, and PF4: Searching for the Brain's Fountain of Youth

Groundbreaking research in mice may have revealed a key to rejuvenating aging brains. Neuroscientists have uncovered that platelets, specifically a group of molecules called Platelet Factor 4 (PF4), play a vital role in the age-reversal process. Three interventions—transfusions of young blood, the hormone klotho, and physical exercise—all harness PF4 to deliver their benefits to the brain. When 22-month-old mice were injected with young blood plasma or PF4, their cognitive age reversed dramatically. These findings, independently discovered by three research teams, offer new hope for combating age-related cognitive decline and unlocking the secrets of brain rejuvenation. Scientists uncover how young blood rejuvenates aging brains | BBC Science Focus Magazine.

Animal Communication Unveils Surprising Parallels to Human Language

Researchers are uncovering fascinating connections between animal communication and human language. For years, the belief in an unbridgeable gap between human language and animal communication prevailed. However, recent studies challenge this notion, revealing that various species possess intricate vocal learning abilities, from mice to dolphins. These findings suggest that language-related capacities may exist on a continuum across the animal kingdom. Scientists are now delving deeper into deciphering the meanings and intricacies of animal communication, shedding light on the evolution of language and our shared cognitive landscapes with other creatures. The Animals Are Talking. What Does It Mean? - The New York Times. (gift article)

+How AI is being leveraged to decode animal communication: Can We Talk to Whales? | The New Yorker and ‎Unexplainable: Can we talk to animals? on Apple Podcasts.

When the CIA, Artificial Intelligence, and Healthcare Collide

Palantir's Reputation Stalks Its Bid for the UK's National Health Data | WIRED is an interesting article about how Peter Thiel's big data analytics company (and surveillance government contractor), Palantir, is courting Britain's National Health Service for access to their data. What possibly could go wrong?

Big Tech Knows Your Most Intimate Health Details

Your most intimate health details have become data points in the digital realm. Tech giants, often unbeknownst to users, accumulate a treasure trove of personal health information through online interactions, from therapy sessions to fitness apps. Recent cases, like BetterHelp's data-sharing debacle, have exposed the extent of this information harvesting, raising concerns about privacy violations and potential harm. While some believe federal laws like HIPAA shield health data, the truth is more complicated. A fragmented regulatory landscape, limited enforcement resources, and the rapid evolution of technology call for comprehensive data privacy legislation to keep pace with the digital age. What Big Tech Knows About Your Body - The Atlantic.

Build a Real Music Collection

This author cites why she owns her music collection and eschews streaming: Want to Enjoy Music More? Stop Streaming It. - The New York Times. (gift article)

033 - Coulrophobia, Lucid Dreaming, and Cowless Dairy - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

The Calorie Hunter

Science had an interesting article on Duke scientist Herman Pontzer, whose work has challenged some of the most fundamental beliefs on weight management. "Exercise prevents you from getting sick, but diet is your best tool for weight management." This scientist busts myths about how humans burn calories—and why

SAD Myth

These scientists think Seasonal Affective Disorder is not what we thought it was. The Surprising Truth About Seasonal Depression "The seasons do affect our lives, although a growing body of research shows that major psychological effects such as depression and cognitive slowdown are likely not what most of us are experiencing during winter."

Step-by-Step Guide to Lucid Dreaming

I've not yet had a lucid dream. Using this guide, I am going to try: How to Lucid Dream (Even if You Think You Can't)

Aggressive End-of-Life Care

An article in the NY Times about how care escalates for many (most?) patients, frequently beyond what they desire: Aggressive Medical Care Remains Common at Life's End (gift article)

Health Worker's Mental Health

Healthcare workers suffer from sleep deprivation, exhaustion, and stress. All these factors contribute to poor mental health. "In our study, about half of the healthcare workers we surveyed reported that their work interfered with their family life, while about 30% experienced family life interfering with work. Importantly, these conflicts were linked to poor mental health, such as depression." Health care workers are frazzled – and poor sleep may turn stress into poor mental health See also a blog post I wrote about Mindfulness and Medicine

Introverts and Friendship

I'm an extreme introvert. I found this article insightful and interesting: How to Make Friends as an Introvert(gift article)

AI and Cancer

The article, An AI Told Me I Had Cancer, bothered me. Although I share the author's frustration with accessing one's medical information, I found the author's opinions pretty naive (about AI, medicine, research, and the accuracy of data models). I can think of few better uses of AI than as a tool to augment a physician's terminal disease diagnosis. The author ignores the many types of AI--the article lumps them all together (I suspect the piece was meant to capitalize on the recent popularity of Chat GPT), and the author's premise of requiring consent to have a UI aid in their diagnosis seems ludicrous. I could go on.....

American vs. European Medical Training

As we pass through another Match Week, where medical students find out where they'll do their residency training, Mother Jones published an interesting article, Bone Tired. Underpaid. Performing Surgery. What Could Go Wrong? about differences between American and European medical training.

Mediterranean Diet Associated with Lower Risk of Dementia

A new study revealed that eating a Mediterranean-type diet – rich in seafood, fruit, and nuts – may help significantly lower dementia risk later in life. Mediterranean Diet Associated With Decreased Risk of Dementia

Cowless Dairy

Are you ready for dairy made from yeast? It's already here: Milk, cheese, and ice cream without the cow have entered the marketplace.

Coulrophobia

Afraid of clowns? You're not alone. The Psychological Reason You're Afraid of Clowns attempts to explain the phenomenon.

"Open"- AI

The arms race for artificial intelligence continues. Companies are throwing all caution to the wind in the pursuit of massive profits. "_Big tech companies like Google, Microsoft, and Meta are racing to create new AI technologies as fast as possible, often sidestepping or shrugging off ethical concerns. _"OpenAI's GPT-4 Is Closed Source and Shrouded in Secrecy

Lunchables Served in School Cafeterias

I find this hard to believe, but Kraft has developed a version of its Lunchables product that meets Federal school lunch specifications. Kraft hopes the product will be adopted by underfunded schools that can't afford (or find) the staff to cook fresh meals. "Offering branded packaged food to children through the National School Lunch Program essentially allows food companies to market directly to children with the added credibility that comes with associating their product with schools..." Lunchables in school cafeterias have child nutrition experts concerned

How to Fix a Broken Sleep Cycle

Wired has some good advice to improve your sleep habits: How to Fix a Broken Sleep Schedule

Narcissism

Narcissism exists on a spectrum. We all have some of this trait, but about 8% of the population is pathological. A little bit of narcissism is normal and healthy – here's how to tell when it becomes pathological

Music-Evoked Autobiographical Memory

Music can involuntarily bring back memories of events, people, and places from our past. This article explains why: Why Does Music Bring Back Memories?

Faux Self-Care

"If you think of self-care as a goal, it becomes another task to check off the list. But when you consider it as values and decisions that inform all of your different roles and activities, it can deeply impact the quality of your life." Although written with women in mind, How Women Can Avoid 'Faux Self-Care' and Beat Burnout (gift article) has useful information for everyone.

032 - Bayesian Thinking, Cadavers, and Medical Unions - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

House Staff Local 131

I read an article about physicians unionizing. Although there has been talk about this for quite some time, I did not realize it had already happened in several locations: Doctor Unions Are Good for Your Health

Avatar Now

What do you get when you combine the immersive collaborative experience of an escape room with a video game? You get a Gamebox. Immersive Video Games Are Coming to a Theater Near You

The Plant Whisperer

Are plants sentient? I'm still not convinced, but this scientist theorizes they might be. What Plants Are Saying About Us - Nautilus

Spring Ahead

I read an article from a sleep scientist about the downsides of Daylight Savings time. The report convinces us that we should be on a permanent Standard Daylight schedule, not a permanent Daylight Savings schedule, as is currently suggested in a Congressional Bill.Springing forward into daylight saving time is a step back for health – a neurologist explains the medical evidence and why this shift is worse than the fall time change

Swiss Miss

The iconic Matterhorn of the Swiss Alps will no longer be seen on the wrappers of Toblerone chocolate bars after production moves from Switzerland to Slovakia. Where are Toblerone chocolate bars made?

Taking Control of What you Read on the Internet

Here is an article on the 25-year-old technology, RSS feeds: It's time to take back control of what we read online. I use RSS feeds in various ways. For my daily news, I rely on Feed Bin and Unread. I previously wrote about the ways I use RSS in scholarly activities: Unlock the Power of RSS feeds with DEVONthink — Workflows in Personal and Professional Productivity

This is your Brain on Art

"Art is not a luxury for our downtime, but an important contributor to physical and mental well-being..." I couldn't agree more, especially regarding music. How art, music, and dance affect your brain and body. (gift article)

Non-Nutritive Sweeteners

Artificial sweeteners are in various foods, from bread and cereal to tortillas and greek yogurt. Here is an article on the dark side of sugar substitutes: How sugar substitutes sneak into foods and affect your health (gift article)

Healthy, Redefined

The FDA is cracking down on commercial foods that may be labeled 'healthy.' The food companies are resisting: FDA is redefining 'healthy,' and the food industry is pushing back (gift article)

Personality Testing in the Workplace

Many years ago, I went down the rabbit hole, taking any personality test I could get. Although many personality tests (i.e., MBTI) have not been validated, they are increasingly used to make workplace decisions. Personality testing is now a $2 billion industry. The $2 Billion Question of Who You Are at Work (gift article)

The Argument for Moving Closer to Your Friends

"Many people are prepared to move for a new job, to be with a romantic partner, or even just for an adventure. Moving to be closer to buddies should be no different. Friends are not incidental to a good life; they're essential to one. So why not shorten the distance between you and them?" Live Closer to Your Friends

Health Podcasts Worth Listening To

....at least according to the NY Times. I am going to check out a few of these: Here Are 12 Health Podcasts Worth Listening To (gift article)

What Fuels Teen Anxiety?

Reformers have argued for fewer hours in a workweek. Yet, simultaneously, demands on our children at school have increased. Many believe the time needed to become attractive college applicants at the root of teen anxiety: "Richer and more complex economies require more rigorous and intense education, putting more pressure on kids to be high-achieving perfectionists." We're Missing a Key Driver of Teen Anxiety

Does your Microbiome Influence Interest in Exercise? (pre-clinical)

An interesting article in WaPo about how, in mice, the microbiome influences interest in exercise: How your microbiome may influence your motivation to exercise - The Washington Post (gift article)

Cannabis and Anesthesia

An article in the Economist discusses how cannabis influences the amount of drugs needed for adequate anesthesia. Cannabis and anesthesia do not mix

A Short History of Medical Cadavers

Medical students traditionally dissect cadavers while learning anatomy. Ever wonder where the bodies come from? From grave robbing to giving your own body to science – a short history of where medical schools get cadavers "Where many Americans once regarded medical students as "butchers" for exploiting their beloved dead, contemporary students honor what some of these future doctors call their "first patients" for the precious gift they have been given."

Bayes' Rule

After seeing all the evidence, how strongly should you believe something? That question is at the heart of Bayesian thinking, named after the Reverend Thomas Bayes. Here is an interesting video explaining Bayes Rule: Harvard professor explains Bayes' rule and an interesting article on how to use Bayesian Thinking to influence our relationships: Bayes and Deadweight: Using Statistics to Eject the Deadweight From Your Life.

029 - Coffee College, Facebook, Resilience and Despair - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Life may get in the way of newsletter publication next week. I'm apologizing in advance for an abreviated or absent edition. I'll resume normal publication on Sunday, February 26.

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Demoralization of Healthcare Workers

Here is a provocative piece about diminished morale amongst healthcare workers. Although written by a physician about physicians, the same is true for other healthcare professionals. Opinion | Doctors Aren't Burned Out From Overwork. We’re Demoralized by Our Health System (gift article)

Food Choice and Cognition / Dementia

Here is another article on the cognitive value of eating whole, plant-based food: How Your Diet Could Help (or Hurt) Your Aging Brain. For a nice review paper on food and supplements, see: In Pursuit of Healthy Aging: Effects of Nutrition on Brain Function.

Exercise and Resilience

"Resilience is the ability to bounce back from adversity... Resilience is essentially an emotional muscle, but a growing body of research shows that exercising our physical muscles is one way to increase our capacity to cope with daily stress." WaPo had an article on the physiology behind the phenomenon: How exercise can help you build resilience at any age (gift article)

Your Lying Mind

The Atlantic procured several articles on how our minds can deceive us, especially when something threatens our identity: Your Lying Mind - The Atlantic (requires subscription)

Psychedelics Medically Approved Down-Under

Starting July 1, 2023, authorized Australian psychiatrists have another tool in their armamentarium: psychedelics. On February 3, MDMA and psilocybin, but the training standards and hoops to jump through to prescribe these drugs are still formidable: MDMA and Psilocybin Are Approved as Medicines for the First Time | WIRED (thanks, Richard!)

Relationship Contracts

A relationship contract looks pretty unromantic, but it seems to work for this couple: Creating a contract — yes, a contract! — could help you get what you want from your relationship |

Sound Therapy

Sound therapy instruments like the Digeridoo and Tibetan Singing Bowls have been used for thousands of years to calm the mind and heal the body. Is Sound Therapy the New Way to Zen? discusses the phenomenon. I was skeptical about sound therapy until I read literature on how specific frequencies of sound activate immune pathways (in rodents): Alzheimer's Disease and Gamma Waves

Coffee College

I'm interested in perfecting my coffee-making abilities. In the article, Coffee College: Everything You Wanted to Know about Coffee Making in One Lecture, I learned of the coffee-education service Barista Hustle and its associated Youtube channel. I'm setting aside 80 minutes to watch: Advanced Coffee Making Lecture at Assembly Coffee London.

Your Healthcare System: Official Corporate Partner of the NFL

A provocative opinion piece in WaPo about hospital marketing. "So when people see any TV commercial or billboard highlighting a hospital system's quality of care, then walk into that same hospital system's emergency room only to find it dangerously overcrowded and understaffed, it is worth connecting the dots. Imagine how many lives would be saved if only we were to take the bold step of demanding that our healthcare dollars be spent on actual healthcare." Opinion | Super Bowl ads are not where hospitals in crisis should spend money (gift article)

Artificial Intelligence Primer: Wired Complete Guides

Wired has been doing background pieces on today's important technology. Two examples to help you get up to speed: What Is Blockchain? The Complete WIRED Guide and What Defines Artificial Intelligence? The Complete WIRED Guide. Both are worth a read.

A New Approach to Graft-vs-Host Disease and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (pre-clinical)

GI GVHD Link to Microbiome Dysbiosis Addressed by Reducing Intestinal Oxygen discusses a study looking at treating GVHD (and perhaps inflammatory bowel disease) by decreasing the oxygen content in the bowel using iron chelation. "The findings suggested that restoring the normal environment by reducing the oxygen level in the intestine could help re-establish the balance of the microbial community and lead to attenuation of GVHD."

The Science of Pleasurable Touch (pre-clinical)

You've probably heard of "skin hunger," the craving to be touched by another. Scientists are beginning to unravel why being touched by others is pleasurable: Scientists mapped the brain circuitry involved in pleasing touch in mice

How Do You Serve a Friend in Despair

Love oozed from a journalist's writing about his good friend who sunk into depression and ultimately committed suicide. "I learned, very gradually, that a friend's job in these circumstances is not to cheer the person up. It's to acknowledge the reality of the situation; it's to hear, respect, and love the person; it's to show that you haven't given up on them or walked away." Opinion | How Do You Serve a Friend in Despair? (gift article)

All Things Zuckerberg

"We are the germs, but Facebook is the wind." Facebook seems to be at the center of many controversies today. I just read the 2018 article, Can Mark Zuckerberg Fix Facebook Before It Breaks Democracy?, The article was insightful and informative and is a must-read for anyone that wonders what all the hullaballoo is about.

Covid Evolved

A Crucial Group of Covid Drugs Has Stopped Working discusses how Covid has evolved, negating the effectiveness of drugs that were once the mainstay of prophylaxis for immunocompromised patients.

015 - Deja Vu, Pilates, and Recycling Theater - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Fight for the Soul of Pilates

An interesting story in the NY Times about the fight over Joseph Pilate's legacy (gift article) The Fight for the Soul of Pilates.

Technology and Shallow Relationships

It's well-known that frequent social media use contributes to feelings of loneliness and depression. Despite this, technology use accelerated during the pandemic. Arthur Brooks talks about how to combat over-reliance on technology in our relationships: Technology Can Make Your Relationships Shallower.

Predicting Long-Covid

A manuscript published this week, Early immune markers of clinical, virological, and immunological outcomes in patients with COVID-19: a multi-omics study, describes the use of multi-omics and machine learning to predict individuals who will develop long-covid.

Banana Genealogy

Everything you wanted to know about the origins of the modern banana: The Search Is on for Mysterious Banana Ancestors.

The Paradox of Atypical Anorexia

Eating disorders can affect anyone of any body, shape, or type. I learned quite a bit from 'You Don't Look Anorexic.' (gift article)

Lessons from a "Difficult Patient"

I enjoyed an essay in the NY Times about how medicine, in many ways, has lost its humanity. The article, Lessons From a 'Difficult Patient' (gift article), follows one physician's internal journey as she cares for a challenging patient throughout her training.

Understanding Deja Vu

I learned a few new things about the neuropsychological underpinnings of deja vu in the article: What is déjà vu? A psychologist explains this common but creepy phenomenon.

More Terramation

It seems like stories about human composting are everywhere. This article was in Slate: Composting offers a greener way to dispose of human remains.

Brain Cells on a Chip Learn to Play Pong

I found this article on brain-machine interfaces: Brain cells on a chip learn to play Pong within 5 minutes. Although the title is a bit sensational, I still find the concept disturbing.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Brain Health

In a new study, Omega-3's Linked to Improved Brain Structure and Cognition at Midlife, , the authors opined increasing omega-3 fatty intake might help preserve brain health and cognition in middle age. We still don't understand the mechanism of how omega-3 fatty acids work in the brain. My guess is the mechanism involves our endogenous endocannabinoid system, as I mentioned in 006 - Loneliness, Mucus, and Cannabinoids - HealthHippie Week In Review.

Return on Investment for Employee Wellness Programs

Michael Greger released the first video in a series focused on the business case for offering wellness programs in corporate environments: The Return on Investment (ROI) for Employee Health and Wellness Programs. His take after reviewing the literature: $3 returned for every $1 spent.

Rethinking Healthy Eating in Terms of the Microbiome

I loved the manuscript, Rethinking healthy eating in light of the gut microbiome. The manuscript synthesizes a wide range of information from around the world and makes recommendations on what constitutes healthy eating by promoting a healthy gut microbiome. I will be referring to this paper for a time to come.

The Rocky Road of Aspartame

I've had a long-standing interest in non-nutritive sweeteners. Aspartame, only one of many artificial sweeteners, is a multi-billion dollar product. Aspartame: Decades of Science Point to Serious Health Risks is a compilation of the primarily negative data on the multi-billion dollar substance. For a less critical view, see: The_History_of_Aspartame

Think You Are Responsible with your Recycling? Think again.

The article Big Plastic Wants You to Think You Can Recycle Your Yogurt Container, was eye-opening for me. Only a tiny fraction of plastics are recycled, and there is incredible resistance to doing so, given the cost. The take-home point of the article for me: buy fewer products made of ANY plastic.

Our Pets, Our Microbiome

I enjoyed reading Does owning a pet boost your gut health? on how humans and our animal companions swap bacteria -likely beneficial to our overall health and well-being. The one downside of the article is not being able to unsee the phrase "fecal patina."

Behold Envy, The Happiness Killer

Arthur Brooks tackles the topic of envy in the article How to Stop Being So Envious. The article touches on social comparison, social media, and the importance of authenticity. In addition, he offers a few practical suggestions to minimize the role of envy in your life.

Making Better Use of Antidepressants

I learned a lot from the article, How to make better use of antidepressants (pay-wall). I did not realize that 10-15% of the population is on antidepressants, many for a very long time. With the serotonin theory of depression recently called into doubt coupled with a re-examination of this class of drug's efficacy (only about 15% response rate, mainly in severely depressed), it is likely time to reexamine our overuse of these medications, especially in the elderly.

New Evidence Linking the Microbiome to Rheumatoid Arthritis

The 2017 paper, Evidence of the Immune Relevance of Prevotella copri, a Gut Microbe, in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis, hypothesized that a protein produced by a common gut bacteria, Prevotella copri, could trigger the immune system and lead to arthritic inflammation. A new study summarized in New evidence linking gut bacteria with rheumatoid arthritis development provides further evidence supporting the 2017 hypothesis.

Quote of the Week

"Without music, life would be a mistake." - Friedrich Nietzsche (thanks, Lauren!)