014 - Terramation, Farmacies, and Edible Cities - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Are You Still the Same You?

I enjoyed the essay in The New Yorker, Are You the Same Person You Used to Be? about how our personalities and our views of ourselves often change over a lifetime. _"We change, and change our view of that change, for as long as we live."

A New Role for the Cerebellum

In medical school, we were taught the cerebellum was primarily involved in the coordination of body movement. As with the majority of the brain, reality is much more complicated: A New Function of the Cerebellum

Food as Medicine - Welcome to the Farmacy

The concept of food as medicine is gaining acceptance. How to Prescribe Food as Medicine is a quick overview on the topic. I especially appreciated the links to the American College of Lifestyle Medicine white papers .

Human Composting / Terramation

There is now an alternative to cremation or burial after death; Terramation or "natural organic reduction," turns your body into soil. In fact, human composting is now legal in five states.

Electrical Memory Prosthesis

Here is an interesting article about a DARPA-funded initiative, centered at Wake Forest and University of Southern California, to help with memory formation. Brain-zapping tech improves memory by more than 50%

The Rise of Edible Cities

Edible cities are growing in the U.S. and Europe I love the idea of an "edible city," a place where space is rehabilitated with fruit and vegetable plants with food free for the taking. Check out the Edible Cities Network to see if there is an edible city near you.

How to Strengthen your Bond with your Canine Companion

Researchers are studying the human-canine bond in part to build better robotic dogs. The article, Want a better relationship with your dog? These 7 factors are key, describes ways to bond with your biological canine companion today.

Recognizing Smell from Molecular Structure

Here is an interesting article about attempts to use machine learning to determine how a substance smells solely from its molecular structure: AI Model Links Smell Molecules With Metabolic Processes

Gaslighting in Scientific American

Scientific American is one of my favorite magazines. I was surprised to see an article on gaslighting, but How Gaslighting Manipulates Reality taught me a thing or two.

Chasing Success and Happiness

Many people chase achievement because they believe it will lead to happiness/well-being. Arthur Brooks writes most people have the equation backwards.....Why Happiness Is the Key to Success

+Arthur Brooks was also featured on The Peter Attia Drive Podcast talking about the science of happiness talking about his book, From Strength to Strength: Finding Success, Happiness, and Deep Purpose in the Second Half of Life

The Real Paleo Diet

Although today's Paleo Diet is all the rage, it is historically innacurate. If you're interested in what our ancestors truly ate, the article, The “paleo” diet bears little resemblance to the real thing, offers insight from a professor of evolutionary anthropology and global health.

Changing Baseball through Diet

Baseball's athletes are far behind many other professional sports when it comes to the use of nutrition to enhance performance. The NY Times article, How Team Dietitians Are Changing How Baseball Players Eat, explains.

How to Tell Good Research from Bad

The article, Psychedelic drugs: how to tell good research from bad, offers great advice on how to spot good and bad research, and not just the psychedelic kind.

Inventing Food

Meet the Man Who Invented Cool Whip, Tang and Pop Rocks talks about a General Mills chemist who invented some of the iconic (unhealthy) foods of my youth.

Left-Handedness

I hadn't really thought much about handedness. About 10% of the population is left handed. I knew that lefties are considered more creative and are statistically more likely to be president of the U.S. I did not know lefties are more likely to be elite athletes or to suffer from mental illness: Why left-handed people are likelier to be mentally ill.

The Microbiome and Brain Macrophages

In newsletter 003 - Mad Honey, Frisson, and Psychedelic Capitalism, I mentioned one of the foundational papers in Alzheimers research had been called into question. One of the alternative explanations for the cause of Alzheimers is dysregulation of the immune system of the brain. Here is a synopsis of a pre-clinical study that supports the alternative conclusion: Age-related changes in microbiome composition affects brain macrophages. And here is a link to the paper: Age-dependent effects of gut microbiota metabolites on brain resident macrophages

Lateral Thinking

I'm fascinated by metacognition, so the article, The most undervalued problem-solving tool? Lateral thinking, was catnip for me. The article starts with a puzzle that caught my attention and went on to describe the phenomenon of lateral thinking-a process highly correlated with creativity.

Quote

“Our bodies are our gardens – our wills are our gardeners.”
– William Shakespeare

013 - Horseshoe Crabs, Nightmares, and Dementia - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Nightmares and Dementia

Are frequent nightmares an early sign of impending dementia? This researcher thinks so. Having this many nightmares a week may be tied to extreme brain aging.

Horseshoe Crabs and the Pharmaceutical Industry

Most people don't realize that crab blood is critical to the modern pharmaceutical industry. Horseshoe crab's blue blood contains a compound that protects humans from infected medical supplies. How horseshoe crab blood became one of the most valuable liquids in medicine. Radiolab also has a great episode on this topic: Baby Blue Blood Drive.

Understanding the High Cost of Living Life Online

Studies have found that frequent social media use is connected with increased symptoms of anxiety and depression. The article, The High Cost of Living Your Life Online, discusses some reasons and how to combat those negative feelings.

The Healthiest Bedtime for Metabolic Health

A recent study, Early chronotype with metabolic syndrome favors resting and exercise fat oxidation in relation to insulin‐stimulated non‐oxidative glucose disposal, found that being a night owl negatively affects metabolic health. Early risers burn more fat when fasting or exercising: Going to bed before this time could boost your metabolic health.

Paul McCartney's Freakish Memory

This article is a stretch from medicine and wellness, but being a music and Beatles lover, I had to include it. Paul McCartney's freakish memory, delighted me, offering insight into the unconscious mind and a glimpse into McCartney's songwriting process. And now I love Paul McCartney even more.....

Ten Modern Paradoxes

I include this thought-provoking article because of the first paradox mentioned, hedonism. _"...psychologist Viktor Frankl wrote, "Happiness cannot be pursued; it must ensue, and it only does so as the unintended side effect of one's personal dedication to a cause greater than oneself or as the by-product of one's surrender to a person other than oneself." 10 paradoxes that will stretch your mind.

The Gut-Brain Axis in Mental Health

Thought to be fringe science only a few years ago, hundreds of scientists are now racing to unravel the microbiome's role in mental health. The article, What does the latest science tell us about our brain, gut, and mental health, gives a whirlwind tour. Also, see my lecture on the gut-brain axis: Gut Feelings: the role of the microbiome in behavioral health.

The Physiology and Neuroscience of Tickling

I approached the article, Why Can't You Tickle Yourself, with skepticism, but ended up learning quite a bit. I'm going to look more into the science of playfulness.

Why We Do Things We Know We'll Regret

" Use your resources joyfully, without guilt or shame for your abundance. But use your bounty in service of the love you have for others. Beyond your everyday needs, buy time and experiences with your loved ones. Support the people and causes you care about. Invest in getting to know others deeply. While you're at it, beyond your generosity with your money, give more of yourself by sharing your heart with honesty and defenselessness. Tell more people you love them, even when it is a little awkward or scary." I enjoyed this article by Arthur Brooks: Why We Do Things We Know We'll Regret.

The Pandemic Changed our Personalities, and not for the Better

Social scientists think of personality as being relatively stable throughout one's life. But, there is increasing evidence that the pandemic altered many of our personalities, and not for the better: The COVID pandemic may have had a lasting impact on personality traits

Fungi and Cancer

Two interesting articles were published in this week's Cell demonstrating an association between intracellular fungal DNA and cancer lethality in multiple cancer types. Despite the finding, neither study can definitively say if fungi drive these poor outcomes or if aggressive cancers create an environment where these fungi can quickly grow. The studies also don't address if fungi can contribute to cancer development, pushing healthy cells to turn cancerous. The finding opens the door to a new research domain: Fungi grow inside cancerous tumors, scientists discover.

Facing Down Loneliness and Heartbreak

Emerging scientific data suggests that social rejection — often in the form of heartbreak — can spark a similar firestorm of brain activity as physical pain. Vivek Murthy, United States Surgeon General, classifies loneliness as a public health crisis. But loneliness can be hacked: An antidote to heartbreak? Science reveals how to hack loneliness. See also the book, Heartbreak: A Personal and Scientific Journey, mentioned in the article and Vivek Murthy's book Together.

Physician Burnout

Physician burnout was a problem before the pandemic and has only accelerated during Covid times. I was well aware of the phenomenon, but what I was not aware of was that burnout is contagious: Physician Burnout Has Reached Distressing Levels, New Research Finds.

Can Technology Prevent Suicide?

Finally, I read an article on attempts to use technology to predict and contribute to suicide prevention: Can Smartphones Help Predict Suicide

Quote of the Week

"The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom." ―Isaac Asimov

012 - Phages, Cravings, and Fasting for Cancer - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Helping Loved Ones Through a Medical Crisis

"...ask if they'd like you just to listen or if they need help with problem-solving. Then respect their answer." is often good advice when speaking with close friends or loved ones but is especially important if the person you care about is facing a severe medical crisis: How to help a loved one through a medical crisis

Phages

Medicine is struggling with more and more drug-resistant bacteria. A future without effective antibiotics is almost incomprehensible. The article, Viruses to Fight Superbugs, talks about the renewed interest in phage therapy. A friend (and phage researcher) gave me the book The Perfect Predator: A Scientist's Race to Save Her Husband from a Deadly Superbug. Adding the text to my queue.

Long-Covid and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Another article on how the symptoms of Long-Covid are influencing insight into another poorly understood disease, myalgic encephalomyelitis, or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Long COVID Has Forced the U.S. to Take Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Seriously

White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health

It has been 50 years since the American government showed a significant interest in nutrition. The White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health, took place on Wednesday and began with a statement by President Biden outlining their commitment before the meeting. Here is a commitment fact sheet released just before the conference: FACT SHEET: The Biden-Harris Administration Announces More Than $8 Billion in New Commitments as Part of Call to Action for White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health. The call to action is focused on five pillars:

  • Pillar 1 – Improve Food Access and Affordability
  • Pillar 2 – Integrate Nutrition and Health
  • Pillar 3 – Empower Consumers to Make and Have Access to Healthy Choices
  • Pillar 4 – Support Physical Activity for All
  • Pillar 5 – Enhance Nutrition and Food Security Research I'm anxious to see what other recommendations emerge from this historic conference.

F.D.A. Changes Definition of Healthy Food

The F.D.A. is trying to catch up with nutrition science and limit the burden of diet-related diseases. On Wednesday, the F.D.A. announced a new proposal to change the criteria for which packaged foods may be labeled "healthy." See the news article, F.D.A. Moves to Change 'Healthy' Food Definition. It's exciting to see our government focus on food's important influence on health.

Fasting and Cancer

Here's another video in the fasting and cancer series at Nutrition Facts: Fasting-Mimicking Diet Before and After Chemotherapy

Online Atlas of The Microbiome and Their Metabolites

Our microbial passengers have co-evolved along with us. Under normal conditions, the microbiome works synergistically with human physiology and biochemistry to maintain physical and mental well-being. A recent study, An online atlas of human plasma metabolite signatures of gut microbiome composition, found strong links between certain bacteria living in the gut and small molecules found in the blood. Read the study here: Microbiome and Metabolite Links Uncovered Using Online Atlas. Thanks, Gary!

Why Does Exercise Stick?

Virtually everyone agrees that physical activity is essential for health. Yet less than 5% of us get the recommended 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week. The article How Hard Should Your Workout Be, looks at the factors that make a difference in maintaining an exercise habit.

The Season of Mindfulness and Resilience

If you are prone to Season Affective Disorder, Fall Is the Season for Building Mindfulness and Resilience - The New York Times has some good advice for you.

Cravings and the Addicted Brain

Humans crave all sorts of things, from substances (e.g., alcohol, nicotine, opiates ) to activities (e.g., gambling, sex, or social media). Substance addictions lend some insight into the nature of human craving. Why the pull of addictive cravings is so hard to resist has lots to say.

Quote of the Week

"You can't help what you feel, but you can help how you behave" ― Margaret Atwood.

011 - CVS, Amazon, and the Disruption of Primary Care, Anxiety Inoculants, Wabi Sabi, and AI. - HealthHippieMD Week In Review

Wabi Sabi - An Inoculant for Perfectionism

Perfectionism can have a devastating effect on mental health. The Japanese concept of wabi-sabi can help: Escape the perfectionist trap with the philosophy of "wabi-sabi"

CVS, Amazon, and the Disruption of Traditional Primary Care

Traditional primary care practices and healthcare systems should be quaking in their boots. The article CVS, Amazon Deals Might Be Good for Patients, Bad for Primary Care, gives the good and bad of the disruption of healthcare. We are in the early days of this transformation that will include technology and place a much greater emphasis on preventative care/wellness. Exciting times!

+For some of the challenges, see this article extracted from a recent Harvard Business Review: Amazon's Foray into Primary Care Won't Be Easy "....a fundamental question looms: Can profit-driven entrepreneurship and bottom-up innovation make the U.S. health care system work anywhere nearly as well as those in places like France, Sweden, Norway, Australia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Germany, and Switzerland? They may be relatively dull, but they keep people healthy at an affordable cost.".

How to be Bold

Anxiety short-circuits many decision-making processes for a wide range of the population. The article How to Be Bold discusses the implications and how to overcome anxiety inertia. Thanks, Laura!

Fasting and Cancer

I am interested in extending lifespan and health span, so I have read many papers on caloric restriction. Fasting to combat cancer is somewhat controversial but gaining momentum. Dr. Michael Gregor over at NutritionFacts has a great series of introductory videos for you:

+For a decent scientific review on caloric restriction and cancer, see this 2018 paper from Valter Longo's Lab: Starvation, Stress Resistance, and Cancer

Immersive Rights in the Metaverse

The Metaverse, "a broad societal shift in how we engage digital content, going from flat media viewed in the 3rd person to immersive experiences engaged in the 1st person," is coming, ready or not. As with all powerful technologies, we must consider their use and implications. The article The case for demanding "immersive rights" in the Metaverse touches on many of the potential issues. This article reminded me of some of the early warnings on the use and potential abuse of social media.

Immersive Virtual Environments Eases Pain During Hand Surgery

The article, Gaming tech could ease pain during surgery, reports the findings of a recent preliminary study looking at the effects of immersive VR on surgical pain: Virtual reality immersion compared to monitored anesthesia care for hand surgery. Adding this to my reading list.

Life Lessons Gleaned from Free Soloing El Capitan

The advice and life lessons came rapidly in the podcast, How free solo climber Alex Honnold faces fear. The interviewer, Adam Grant, an organizational psychologist at Penn, was positively giddy during the interview. This episode is well worth your time.

Rethinking Alzheimers

Last week I mentioned the re-examination of a foundational paper whose findings have been questioned. That re-examination, coupled with the little to no progress in the prevention or treatment of the disease, has led to renewed interest in alternate theories. The article Alzheimer's Might Not Be Primarily a Brain Disease, examines some of the leading alternate views.

A panel of experts gathered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services issued a draft guidance this week recommending all adults 65 and younger are screened for anxiety: Health Panel Recommends Anxiety Screening for All Adults Under 65. One of the issues mentioned is what the U.S. will do with the increased volume of newly diagnosed anxious adults. The mental health infrastructure was inadequate before the pandemic. During the pandemic, the existing volume of patients struggled to find licensed mental health providers. It is unlikely the system will be able to keep up with all the newly diagnosed patients in need of services.

Stool Banking - Your Poop May Hold the Secret to Longevity

As we learn more about the microbiome and the aging process, the two are intertwined--especially around inflammation. Ten years ago, when trying to convince my chairman about the importance of this emerging area, I remember telling him that as we learn how important the microbiome is to health and wellbeing, the inevitable outcome would be the prevalence of personal stool banking. The article Your Poop May Hold the Secret to Long Life focuses on the logistical and ethical questions surrounding storing your stool.

Eric Topol

Eric Topol is constantly tweeting out fantastic resources. My favorite finds from this week:

Humans Evolved with their Microbiomes

The gut microbiome plays many vital roles in health and well-being. Humans evolved with their microbiomes, and like genes, gut microbes pass from one generation to the next discusses the co-evolution of humans and their microbial passengers.

The Search for New Pain Medication

The Economist had a great article on the search for new analgesics: Better medicines are needed to relieve pain

Quote of the Week

"Blind belief in authority is the greatest enemy of truth." - Albert Einstein.

010 - Caloric Restriction, Vulnerability Hangovers, and Psychobiotics - HealthHippie Week In Review

Caloric Restriction and Healthspan

An email from the NIH, Calorie restriction, immune function, and health span gave an overview of a recent publication in Science focused on the immune system. In humans, the primary study (called the CALERIE Study) found caloric restriction led to changes in gene activity in body fat and related immune cells. Those that underwent caloric restriction had more prominent, less fatty thymi than controls. Based on findings in the original study, these authors studied a gene (Pla2g7) in mice. Mice who lacked this gene had less inflammation, larger thymi, gained less weight from eating a high-fat diet, burned more fat, and were less likely to develop fatty liver disease than the controls. The authors are trying to identify potential therapeutic targets to enhance longevity.

+If you're interested in this topic, Peter Attia's recent conversation with Matt Kaeberlein, How nutrition impacts longevity, is an insightful discussion. Although sadly, there is not a single mention of the microbiome.

Melanoma and the Microbiome

Within the last several years, there has been convincing evidence that dietary choices (specifically increasing dietary fiber) positively influence the efficacy of melanoma immunotherapy by way of the microbiome: Fiber boosts melanoma patients' response to immunotherapy In a recent paper, unsurprisingly, broad-spectrum antibiotics, at least in mice, seem to have the opposite effect, accelerating tumor growth: Melanoma: Gut microbiome-depleting antibiotics may make it worse

ARPA-H

President Biden named the head of the new Biomedical Research Agency, focused on fighting cancer and other diseases. The new agency, ARPA-H (Advanced Research Projects Agency-Health), jumpstarted by a $1 billion investment from Congress, is modeled after the military's futuristic Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). ARPA-H focuses on high-risk, high-reward areas of innovation. Biden Picks Biotech Executive to Lead New Biomedical Research Agency. Exciting times!

An Overview of Brain Fog

The NY Times had a fascinating overview of brain fog: What Is Brain Fog and How Can I Treat It?

+More on brain fog by one of my favorite science writers: Ed Yong on One of Long COVID's Most Misunderstood Symptoms

CRISPR Musings

Jennifer Doudna was co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her discovery of CRISPR: Nobel Prize Awarded to Jennifer Doudna And Emmanuelle Charpentier For CRISPR Discovery This week, Dr. Doudna published her thoughts on CRISPR in the Atlantic: Starting a CRISPR Revolution Isn't Enough I highly recommend Walter Isaacson's fantastic biography, The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, Gene Editing, and the Future of the Human Race.

Does Psychological Stress Increase the Incidence of Long Covid?

This study offers some preliminary evidence that it does: Psychological distress may increase your odds of getting long Covid, study finds.

Why Do Some People Seem Immune to Covid?

Scientists are trying to figure out why: The Mystery of Why Some People Don't Get Covid. Interestingly, there is no mention of interest in the microbiome, which we know influences immunity.

Exercise and Immunity

As if you needed another reason to exercise: The article, Can Exercise Strengthen Your Immunity, gives a synopsis of a recent meta-analysis published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. The authors of the study found preliminary evidence they believe showed both a protective effect for contracting Covid and a lower likelihood of experiencing severe Covid. Interpretation of the results is controversial, but few argue the overall positive impact of exercise on health.

Alzheimer's Uproar

You've likely seen news stories about a foundational Alzheimer's paper whose findings were recently called into question. The podcast episode, An Alzheimer's uproar, explains the controversy.

+Tools to tease out scientific misconduct: Fake research can be harmful to your health – a new study offers a tool for rooting it out.

Talking to Strangers

When meeting a new person, the prevailing wisdom is you should listen more than you speak. A recent study shows that strategy is wrong: People think they should talk less to be liked, but new research suggests you should speak up in conversations with strangers.

+The benefits of talking to strangers: Why talking to strangers is good for you, them, and all of us.

Vulnerability Hangovers

Shared a little too much with a friend last night? The New York Times has you covered: How to Nurse a Vulnerability Hangover

The Wandering Mind

"...mind-wandering is rarely a waste of time. It is merely our brain trying to get a bit of work done when it is under the impression that there isn't much else going on." Unhappy minds wander in the past, while happy minds often ponder the future." Scientists finally know why we get distracted — and how we can stay on track

CAR-T for Auto-Immunity

CAR-T drugs, today, are used primarily in hard-to-treat cancers. A recent manuscript, Anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy for refractory systemic lupus erythematosus, shows how these "living drugs" may play a role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases: How a 'Living Drug' Could Treat Autoimmune Disease

Mental Health, Food, and the Microbiome

Nutritional psychiatry and psychobiotics are reaching popular consciousness. As I was readying this newsletter for publication, the article, Nutritional approaches targeting gut microbiome could improve brain disorders, hit my inbox. Adding the paper, Diet and the microbiota–gut–brain-axis: a primer for clinical nutrition to my reading list.

Quote of the Week

“History doesn't repeat itself, but it often rhymes” – Mark Twain

009 - Doritos Dementia, Pain Clocks, and Forest Bathing - HealthHippie Week In Review - September 11, 2022

Random Acts of Kindness

Prosocial behaviors are good for you and the recipient of your generosity. The article, The Unexpected Power of Random Acts of Kindness, talks about the phenomenon. I learned that many underestimate how much the receiving party appreciates a small act of kindness.

Compassion

Empathy, the ability to feel someone else's pain and take on their burdens, is a valued trait in society. There is evidence that empathy comes at a cost. Instead, we should strive for compassion. Are You Empathetic? Try Compassion Instead. discusses the differences between empathy and compassion and offers practical advice on how to cultivate compassion in one's life.

Building a Simple Life

The article, 5 rules to build your version of the simple life, offers some helpful advice on how to decrease complexity day-to-day and live a better life. "By dedicating yourself to less, you do those things better. What activities and pursuits you decide to cut should result from a long, honest self-examination of the things that are important and meaningful to you." I've touched on many of the topics covered in the article: Dark Horse: Purpose, Fulfillment, Success (and Ikigai), Time Poverty: a significant threat to wellness, and ZigZag Project - ZigZag Podcast.

Mucus, Slime, and Snot

The article, Slime keeps appearing in nature and scientists are just starting to figure out why, discusses the ubiquity of this biological product of proteins and sugars found everywhere, from our saliva to snail trails.

+More on snot: The Science Behind Why We All Have Snot

Immortal Jellyfish

The article, This Jellyfish Can Live Forever. Its Gene May Tell Us How, was interesting. The report covers the research into why the jellyfish, Turritopsis dohrnii, is essentially immortal. Although scientists doubt there is generalizability in humans, the study is interesting nonetheless.

Optimizing Forest Bathing

Numerous scientific studies reveal the physiological and psychological benefits of time spent among trees. Japanese doctors go as far as prescribing "forest bathing:" Take a Walk in the Woods. Doctor's Orders There is not yet an understanding of how different kinds of treescape affect us. Scientists Are Unlocking the Secrets of Why Forests Make Us Happy, focuses on some of the issues. The article does not mention the microbiome. The microbiome is involved in mood: Gut Feelings: The Role of the Microbiome in Behavioral Health. I've often wondered if the inhaled and ingested products of the forest (bacteria, fungi, etc.) play some role in the beneficial effects of nature on physiology and psychology. I'm willing to bet they do. Give me a holler if you're interested.....

Measuring Emotional Intelligence

Emotional Intelligence positively influences health, relationships, and how well one does personally and professionally. Some research suggests people with emotional intelligence have enhanced resilience to stress. Interestingly, scientists cannot agree on a definition of emotional intelligence. A unified theory of emotional intelligence is important because the theory determines what must be measured. Emotional intelligence might make you more resilient, but there's a catch.

Are we in a Psychedelic Bubble?

The Wired article, Is the Psychedelic Therapy Bubble About to Burst, , offers an alternative view to the current hype surrounding psychedelics. The report is well worth the read.

Synthetic Microbiomes

An article on a Stanford group that successfully developed a stable microbiome when transplanted into bacteria-free mice: Scientists Have Made a Human Microbiome From Scratch. The article summarizes the recent manuscript published in Cell: Design, construction, and in vivo augmentation of a complex gut microbiome. I have yet to read the paper, but the initial thought that grabbed me was questioning how generalizable this tool could be. The assemblage of microorganisms in the gut microbiome has many interdependencies. Thus, if even a single resident ordinarily present in the gut is missing in the model, any conclusions reached could be erroneous. I hope this is used as a research tool, not just a way to cash in on the microbiome gold rush.

Cognitive Biases, Brain Biology, and Stubborn Minds

"People form opinions based on emotions, such as fear, contempt, and anger, rather than relying on facts. New facts often do not change people's minds." Cognitive biases and brain biology help explain why facts don't change minds, is an interesting article that gives some insight into biology and psychology of polarized thinking.

Science-Backed Friend-Making

I've enjoyed a new podcast find, Healthier Together (except for the advertisements). Making friends as an adult is hard. The recent episode, Science-Backed Secrets For Making Friends As An Adult with Dr. Marisa G. Franco, offered many insights and tips. The interview, along with a recent article prompted me to purchase Dr. Franco's book, Platonic: How the Science of Attachment Can Help You Make--and Keep--Friends I'll let you know what I think.

+More on making friends as an adult (listen to this first): The Secret to Making Friends as an Adult.

The Pain Clock

We have known patients experience increased pain at night, which was assumed to be due to sleep deprivation. But a recent small study, Circadian rhythmicity of pain sensitivity in humans, hints that the periodicity may be due to circadian rhythms. The study's findings are summarized in Why Pain Feels Worse at Night. Although the study was small and performed only in men, it offered plenty of food for thought.

Doritos Dementia

Yet another reason to put aside processed food in favor of whole plant-based foods. The article, More Evidence Ultraprocessed Foods Detrimental for the Brain, summarizes a recent study presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference. The study showed that a higher intake of highly processed foods was associated with a faster executive and global cognitive function decline. _"Participants who reported consumption of more than 20% of daily calories from ultra-processed foods had a 28% faster rate of global cognitive decline and a 25% faster decrease of the executive function compared to those who reported eating less than 20% of daily calories from ultra-processed foods." _

Quote of the Week

"Real change, enduring change, happens one step at a time." — Ruth Bader Ginsburg

008 - U.S. Food Czar, 9-Volt Nirvana, Dragons and Thymi - HealthHippie Week In Review - September 4, 2022

White House Conference on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health

The most exciting news story of the week came from NPR, How the White House nutrition conference may tackle Americans' unhealthy diets. The article discusses the recommendations of the report, Informing the White House Conference, to be discussed on September 28. Re-calibrating America's relationship with food is the first (and arguably the most important) step to digging ourselves out of our current exorbitantly priced, low-value healthcare model (value=quality/cost). I'm hoping a "Food Czar" for the USA is named as an end-product of the meeting.

Skeptical Reflections of a Cancer Patient

What I've Learned From Having Cancer Is Nothing, is a reflection on common thoughts while living with cancer. Despite what the author says, you'll learn something.

The Best Diet for Healthy Aging

Michael Gregor explores how simple dietary modifications can profoundly impact one's health and well-being. The Best Diet for Healthy Aging. Spoiler alert: eat more plants!

The Joy of Why - Dreams

I found a new podcast I like, The Joy of Why. The latest episode on dreaming: Why and How Do We Dream, was great. (transcript) The discussion on lucid dreams and dream engineering was fascinating. I need to learn more about dream engineering. One of the best non-fiction books I've read in the last few years is Matthew Walker's Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams.

Dragon Meet Maggots

I mentioned maggot therapy in 001 - Friendship, Psychedelics, and Maggots, Oh My. Now, maggot therapy has hit popular culture. Maggots made a cameo appearance In Episode 2 of House of Dragons. 'House of the Dragon' Episode 2's maggot scene is scientifically accurate I'm enjoying the Game of Thrones prequel.

Science behind Complementary Approaches to Irritable Bowel Syndrome

If you or someone you love suffer from IBS, the NCCIH has the evidence behind several complementary treatments: Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says

Dreaming of You(rself)

Everything you might want to know about experiencing memories/dreams in the first and third person: You've Probably Seen Yourself in Your Memories. I hadn't considered this phenomenon before, but the article points out the implications for the law, traumatic and near-death experiences, and more.

Thinking about Thinking

Rather than continuously constructing images based on all your sensory input, your brain likely conserves energy by predicting what it should see based on your previous experience and context, keying in on aspects that do not conform. The article, Your Brain Is an Energy-Efficient 'Prediction Machine', discusses efforts to understand the predictive processing framework.

9-Volt Nirvana

Two items on transcranial electrical stimulation hit my awareness in one of those "messages from the universe" (or maybe it's just the algorithms doing their thing). I'm fellowship trained in neuro-electrophysiology but was unaware of the studies focused on using mild electrical stimulation to enhance brain function (my fellowship focused on monitoring, not therapeutics). Early in the week, I read the article Brain stimulation boosts memory for at least a month. Then, without searching, a previous episode of Radiolab, 9-Volt Nirvana, , was in my podcast queue. After reading and listening to the podcast, I wondered if this technology might improve my quest to learn to play the guitar. I found an article I plan to read: Differential Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation-tDCS-Depending on Previous Musical Training. The jury is still out on the efficacy and safety of transcranial stimulation. Although there are already commercially available devices, I will wait to see how the field develops before I try it out.

Seven Simple Actions to Improve Your Mental Health

I read an article with pragmatic and easily actionable advice on improving your mental health. Feeling stressed? Here are 7 simple actions to boost your mental health.

The Down-Side of Dangerous World Beliefs

All of us want our children and loved ones to be safe. But teaching kids the world is dangerous in order to improve their vigilance is terrible, ultimately, for their health, happiness, and success. I learned a lot from the article, Don't Teach Your Kids to Fear the World. As a counter-narrative to all the negative news about the world, see the book What Are You Optimistic About?: Today's Leading Thinkers on Why Things Are Good and Getting Better.

Current Models of Aging

Eric Topol tweeted a link to an interesting paper that summarizes current thinking on aging. New hallmarks of aging: a 2022 Copenhagen aging meeting summary. I especially appreciated the first figure in the paper that graphically shows how our bodies break down.

My Thymus, Myself

The Radiolab episode, My Thymus, Myself was a whirlwind tour of the function of the thymus. You should listen if you're interested in the immune system and who isn't these days? Understanding the thymus could significantly impact infectious disease, autoimmunity, and transplant medicine. Bonus, the story featured a shoutout to Duke Cardiothoracic Surgery.

Quote of the Week

"All great truths begin as blasphemies." - George Bernard Shaw


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007- The Benign Masochism of Spicy Foods, Non-Nutritive Sweeteners, Psilocybin, and Attachment Theory - HealthHippie Week In Review - August 28, 2022

Non-nutritive Sweeteners and Weight Gain

I have been wary of artificial sweeteners for decades. A recent study in Cell, Personalized microbiome-driven effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on human glucose tolerance , examines one potential mechanism how artificial sweeteners paradoxically cause weight GAIN, mediated through the microbiome. Sucralose and saccharine had the most harmful impact on the glycemic index (a measurement of the sugar in your blood). Read a summary article here: Non-nutritive sweeteners affect human microbiomes and can alter glycemic responses. I also found this excellent, recent overview of artificial sweeteners-especially their impact on inflammation: Artificial Sweeteners: History and New Concepts on Inflammation

Knocking Down Publisher's Paywalls

It's nice to see some real momentum in making science freely accessible. This week, the White House pushed journals to drop paywalls on publicly funded research. Naturally, the multibillion-dollar publishers are pushing back. Back in 2016, I wrote Thoughts on Open Access and Traditional Publication.. We published the manuscript I mentioned in my blog in the open access journal Frontiers in Public Health: A Novel Multiplayer Screen-Based Simulation Experience for African Learners Improved Confidence in Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage.

"Bud"wieser - Cannabis-Infused Beverages

With the rapidly expanding legalization of recreational marijuana and THC comes a bevy of products seeking to capitalize on the new trend financially. The article, Are Weed Drinks Safe? What to know About THC and Alcohol discusses the issues associated with these new products

How to Meditate when you Can't Sit Still

Meditation has many health benefits, but many people have difficulty getting a practice started. If this sounds familiar, How to Meditate When You Can't Sit Still was written for you. More information on meditation: Meditation - HealthHippieMD

Fiber, Phytonutrients, and Healthy Soil

The People's Pharmacy had an excellent discussion this week on the microbiome and regenerative farming. Show 1312: Fiber, Phytonutrients, and Healthy Soil If you're interested in regenerative agriculture, don't miss the beautiful documentary, The Biggest Little Farm.

Time-Restricted Eating / Intermittent Fasting

I found an article on intermittent fasting for weight loss, a quick overview of a subset of recent research. Does Time-Restricted Eating Help With Weight Loss?. If you're interested in this topic, Michael Greger at NutritionFacts.org has a great series of videos on the topic: Fasting For Health and Weight Loss.

+Another article on fasting (and inflammation): One form of fasting may be best to fight inflammation. In this study, individuals fasted for 24 hours once a week. People followed a regimen of "low-frequency" intermittent fasting, fasting for 24 hours once a week. The result was a higher galactin-3 in those that fasted. Galactin-3 aids in cellular repair and decreases systemic inflammation. The authors opined this regimen might have similar effects to SGLT-2 inhibitors, the newer diabetes pharmaceuticals.

"Post-Pandemic" Thoughts

Another opinion piece on the discomfort of integrating back into society without a healthy immune system: The covid pandemic has 'ended,' but I'll keep my mask on, thanks

The Benign Masochism of Spicy Foods

Quick--what animal other than humans has a preference for spicy foods? Give up? Did you have the Chinese Tree Shrew on your bingo card? Me either. An article in the Big Think covers the phenomenon of human enjoyment of spicy foods, A pleasure to burn: Why do people like spicy foods?

Neurologist's Tips for Fighting Memory Loss and Staving Off Alzheimer's

A recent Lancet commission on dementia suggested that up to 40% of Alzheimer's cases could be prevented or delayed. The article, Stop drinking, keep reading, look after your hearing: a neurologist's tips for fighting memory loss and Alzheimer's has some helpful advice, no matter your age.

Psilocybin therapy reduces heavy drinking

This week, I saw plenty of news about a manuscript published in JAMA Psychiatry, Percentage of Heavy Drinking Days Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy vs. Placebo in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder. The article, Psilocybin therapy reduces heavy drinking by up to 83 percent in landmark trial, summarizes the study. Although the cohort was small (96 subjects), and the control group had a significant response - 51% abstaining from alcohol during the study period, the study is still quite interesting. This report will be another brick in the wall in the psychedelic industry's quest to legalize and use psychedelic compounds medically.

+An interesting article on how psychedelics and near-death experiences change core beliefs in similar ways: Psychedelic trips and near-death experiences result in strikingly similar shifts in mindset.

Attachment Style and Friendship

I read the book Attached a couple of years ago, and it left quite an impression. Unsurprisingly, attachment style influences many types of relationships, not just romantic: How Your Attachment Style Shapes Your Friendships

+What are the most valued traits we look for in friends? The most valued trait in a friend will surprise you

Embracing Idleness

Another excellent article in How to Build a Life series at the Atlantic. How to Embrace Doing Nothing, touches on the importance of leisure time. See my article, Time Poverty: a significant threat to wellness.

Quote of the Week

Knowledge is power. The real test of knowledge is not whether it is true but whether it empowers us. Scientists usually assume that no theory is 100% correct. Truth, consequently, is a poor test for knowledge. The real test is utility. A theory that enables us to do new things constitutes knowledge. - Francis Bacon


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006 - Loneliness, Mucus, and Cannabinoids - HealthHippie Week In Review - August 21, 2022

Loneliness

Loneliness is a significant problem among older adults. For many, feelings of isolation were amplified by the pandemic. Feelings of loneliness impart risks to immunity, cognition, and general health. I read the article, Mindfulness Training Appears To Improve an Immune Function Marker in Lonely Older Adults The critical question was whether MBSR stimulated production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a measure of the immune system's responsiveness in older, lonely adults (as measured by the UCLA Loneliness Scale). The authors found that MBSR significantly increased IL-6 production in response to challenge, improving responsiveness. The authors pointed out these are only early mechanistic findings-it is unclear whether the results would translate into meaningful health outcomes. An interesting study, nonetheless.

Gut Mucus and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Fugitive gut bacteria can disrupt our immune system. Here's how we can capture them is an intriguing synopsis of the study, The systemic anti-microbiota IgG repertoire can identify gut bacteria that translocate across gut barrier surfaces. The study looked at the activation of the immune system by bacteria that cross the gut barrier into circulation. The study reinforced the importance of maintaining a healthy mucus layer in your gut through food choices and the avoidance of emulsifiers (both in food and soaps). Here is an article that touches on the concept A New Theory of Obesity.. I will write something else on emulsifiers soon.

Facing Covid with a Compromised Immune System

The excellent opinion piece, How to Plan for the Future When COVID Isn't Going Away, written by an immunocompromised author, resonated with me.

The Doctor will Zoom you Now

An interesting opinion piece by a physician telemedicine convert: How I Came Around on Telemedicine. The article touches on the many benefits of remote visits, including some unexpected ones. The report also discusses some of the challenges for telemedicine moving forward.

Mad Honey Redux

Two weeks ago, I learned about Mad Honey for the first time. This week, The Washington Post published a story about a Turkish bear that got so stoned on Mad Honey-he had to be rescued. Here is the story (with a video): Meet Balkiz, a bear cub in Turkey who got high on hallucinogenic honey

Plant-Based "Meat"

I read the article Taste alone won't persuade Americans to swap beef for plant-based burgers and had a pretty strong reaction. The piece focused solely on messaging to improve plant-based meat consumption. Isn't the most essential question "what's best for our bodies?" Although plant-based meats may be better for the environment, the jury is still out on whether these highly processed foods are better for our health: Plant-based Meat versus Beef

Psychedelic Capitalism

As a follow-up to my newsletter a few weeks ago, here is an interesting podcast on the rapidly developing market for psychedelics: The corporatization of psychedelics-audio. or transcript

+More on the psychedelic renaissance. Psychedelics and mental health: What to know.

Fish Oil and Endocannabinoids

I read the article, Fish Oil Is Good! No, Bad! No, Good! No, Wait, that focuses on the drug Vascepa. Vascepa was approved after a published study demonstrated that, among high-risk adults already receiving another type of cholesterol-lowering treatment, the drug decreased the risk of heart failure and other serious cardiovascular events by an eye-popping 25 percent. A recent manuscript, Effects of Randomized Treatment With Icosapent Ethyl and a Mineral Oil Comparator on Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein, Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Homocysteine, Lipoprotein(a), and Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2: A REDUCE-IT Biomarker Substudy calls into question the findings of the original study and raises suspicion it was not the fish oil that made subjects better. Instead, it was the placebo that made control subjects worse. The article is anti-fish oil, but I wouldn't give up on fish oil just yet. Most people don't realize fish oil is a building block for endogenous cannabinoids, the substances your body makes that bind to the same receptors as marijuana. Cannabinoid receptors are everywhere in your body, and we are just beginning to understand what they do. The fact that the receptors are so prevalent tells me they have essential roles to play in physiology. I've touched on some emerging science: Why does running give you a high? A look at the science If you'd like to learn more about the biochemistry: Emerging Class of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Endocannabinoids & Their Derivatives

Medical Gaslighting

A common experience in medicine is having one's concerns dismissed by a provider, often referred to as medical gaslighting. Medical practitioners often quickly ignore symptoms and diseases they don't fully understand. The article, How to Spot 'Medical Gaslighting' and What to Do About It, discusses how to identify these behaviors by medical professionals and how to overcome them.

Love, not Lies

Another great article in the Atlantic's How to Build a Life Series. The latest, Disagreement Can Be an Act of Love, is about the lies we tell ourselves and each other. One of my favorite lines in the article, "Some lies might make life easier, but they don't necessarily make life happier._"

Hyperbarics and Long Covid

An intriguing synopsis of a small study out of Israel, Is Oxygen the Answer to Long Covid?, shows hyperbaric oxygen treatment improves the symptoms of Long Covid. The authors opine on potential mechanisms but do not mention the microbiome. A hyperoxic environment would kill many anaerobic bacteria that typically thrive in the oxygen-poor environment of the gut. The alteration of the gut microbiome through hyperoxic exposure is definitely worth considering.

Daydreaming

I've always enjoyed daydreaming, but not everyone does. Why Daydreaming Is Actually Good For Your Brain is an interesting article on the phenomenon of positive and negative daydreaming. The report includes tips on making your daydreams more positive, productive, and creative.

Are Small Amounts of Alcohol Beneficial to Your Health?

Michael Greger tackles the questions of alcohol use and reverse causation in: Is It Better to Drink Little Alcohol Than None? Do Any Benefits of Alcohol Outweigh the Risks?

Quote of the Week

"You must love in such a way that the person you love feels free." ― Thich Nhat Hanh

005 - Long Covid, Gut Health, and Cognition - HealthHippie Week In Review - August 14, 2022

Long Covid

Eric Topol wrote an excellent overview of Long Covid: Some Light on Long Covid. The article includes prevalence, mechanisms and biomarkers, and potential treatments. Nature published a summary of Long Covid treatments, Long-COVID treatments: why the world is still waiting. My takeaway: there still is no consensus on either mechanism or therapy. I did learn from these papers that the adrenal axis is involved.

Eating to Improve Gut Health and Microbial Diversity

I'm often asked what people can do to improve their gut health. I received an email from Michael Greger's Nutrition Facts linking to the following video: How to Cultivate a Healthy Gut Microbiome with Food. Nutrition Facts is a fantastic resource full of free bite-sized videos. I like the site so much that, at various times, I have been a monetary supporter.

Gimme S'More

Ever wonder where S'mores came from? Me either. Regardless, I read an article that covers the history of the S'More--ingredients and all. A brief history of the s'more, America's favorite campfire snack

Orthopedic Surgery and Breast Cancer

I read a disturbing article Why Do Orthopedic Surgeons Have Such High Breast Cancer Rates. Female orthopedic surgeons have four times the breast cancer rate of the general population. The article zeroes in on the radiation that orthopedic surgeons use regularly. In my experience, surgeons are diligent about wearing a radiation shield when using x-rays / fluoroscopy. I am far more suspicious about chemical exposure to methyl methacrylate, the substance orthopedic surgeons use as the "grout" in knee and hip replacements. Even if an orthopedic surgeon is not currently using the compound regularly in their practice, they likely had significant exposure during training. Food for thought.

Walking+

The article, One type of walking reliably boosts fitness more than any other, mentions that adding hand-poles to your walking routine (Nordic walking) will increase caloric expenditure by close to 20%. Nordic walking has many other health benefits as well. That sounds like a no-brainer to me. I ordered a pair of poles today: TrailBuddy Trekking Poles - 7075 Aluminum with Cork Grip: Sports & Outdoors

Linking Nature to Well-Being

I came across the Inverse article, How is nature connected to well-being? It's complicated, scientists say that summarizes an exciting review in Science Advances: Linking the nonmaterial dimensions of human-nature relations and human well-being through cultural ecosystem services Nature, outside of tangible offerings like food, water, and other resources, offers nonmaterial contributions to well-being such as recreation and leisure, spiritual fulfillment, personal development, social relations, and aesthetic experiences. The article reviews existing literature to build a framework/rubric for how nature influences well-being.

+More about nature and well-being with some practical tips from the Atlantic: To Get Out of Your Head, Get Out of Your House

Reversing Lactose Intolerance

About 1/4 of the U.S. population is lactose intolerant. The symptoms of lactose intolerance (bloating, gas, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea) are caused by the absence of lactase, the enzyme that breaks down milk. Lactase production, in many people, turns off after weaning. If you are intolerant but want to enjoy dairy products, all is not lost. You can increase your tolerance of dairy by strategically using food. The article Can you become more tolerant of lactose? explains the method and mentions the ancient New England Journal of Medicine paper on the same topic: Yogurt — An Autodigesting Source of Lactose.

The Hippocampus and PTSD

Interesting scientific output from the AURORA Project (Advancing Understanding of Recovery after Trauma) housed at UNC. A recent paper in The Journal of Neuroscience, Hippocampal Threat Reactivity Interacts with Physiological Arousal to Predict PTSD Symptoms focuses on the memory forming region of the brain, the hippocampus, and its role in the variability of PTSD development in the general population. Read the summary article here: The brain's memory hub may explain why some people get PTSD and some don't

Emotional WellBeing and Whole Person Health

I look forward to receiving emails from the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Medicine (NCCIH). The Director's message this week was about emotional well-being and its impact on the various pillars of health. Emotional Well-Being and Whole Person Health. I learned of the NIH networks to advance emotional well-being research. One disturbing fact that had me wanting to learn more-"A recent analysis of U.S. national data showed that 2 years after the diagnosis of cancer, 42 percent of survivors had depleted their entire net worth."_ Here are two of the free lectures the article mentions:

  1. Well-Being and the Economic Burden of Disease: What Are We Learning From Cancer Survivors?
  2. Advancing Research on Emotional Well-Being and Regulation of Eating

Dietary Supplements and Cognition

Another email this week touched on the science of supplements to slow cognitive decline, 7 Things To Know About Dietary Supplements and Alzheimer's Disease I'm a big fan of the NCCIH Tip Sheets: Tips on Complementary Health Practices

Mental Fatigue and Cognition

Just as our bodies get tired with prolonged physical activity, our minds show fatigue after long bouts of thinking. The article, How thinking hard makes the brain tired zeroes in on a neurometabolic cause for mental exhaustion (altered glutamate levels in specific regions of the brain).

Gut Microbiome in Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine

An interesting article published on WebMD, although a good part of the article is focused on pre-clinical findings: Gut Microbiome in Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine

Quote of the Week

"Do the best you can until you know better. Then when you know better, do better." ― Maya Angelou